วันพฤหัสบดีที่ 28 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
Cause and Prevention of Fatal Construction Accidents
Although there is a decrease in the number of fatalities in the construction industry, it still has the highest number of deaths compared to any other industries in the private sector.
There are constant dangers that surround workers and one mistake can lead to a fatal construction accidents.
The most common fatal construction accidents are:
• Falls from different levels or elevated heights such as roofs
• Struck by nail
• Explosion because of improper use and storage of explosive devices and chemicals
• Crashed by falling wall
• Struck by falling object
• Trench cave in
• Crushed by malfunctioning machinery and equipment
• Electrocution
• Asphyxiation
There are a number of reasons for these accidents to happen. But most of the time, it is a result of negligent actions by other people and sometimes even the employers.
Here are some of the most common causes of fatal construction accidents:
• One of the most common cause of construction accidents are malfunctioning machines and equipment. This may be caused by a defective product, none or insufficient maintenance, and/or improper use.
• Another cause of construction accidents are unsafe working conditions. Employers have the responsibility to keep the working environment as safe as possible for workers. Lack of safety equipment like nets, harness, helmets or other gears could lead to death. Improperly constructed scaffoldings also contribute to hazardous conditions that can lead to more fatalities.
• Another cause of construction accidents is lack of training. Workers in the construction industry are operating potentially hazardous equipments and machineries like cranes, forklifts and tractors. Before operating such machineries, training should be provided to avoid accidents. The employer could also invest in safety trainings so as to avoid accidents and to inform employees on what to do in case an accident cannot be avoided.
• Last, as a result of employers trying to cut costs, some do not meet the standard set by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). They try to save money by not following the safety regulations set by OSHA that could result to unsafe working conditions.
Employers and workers should work hand in hand to ensure that the working conditions are safe to avoid any accidents.
Some of the most basic tips employers and employees can follow are the following:
• Employers and employees should observe and watch out for possible dangers in the workplace. If the dangers can be recognized, then proper measures can be taken. An example would be if you observed that chemicals are stored near explosive devices; once reported, the employer can take measures like storing the chemicals in much safer conditions that is far from the explosives.
• Invest in training. Train employees on the proper use of each equipment and machineries. Cranes, tractors and forklifts are special machines that need special instructions. Continuous safety trainings could also be provided to ensure that employees are informed and is always updated on what to do in case of an accident.
• Post the safety rules and regulations somewhere that is visible to everyone. Rules about proper clothes and gears inside the workplace should also be included.
Those are just some tips to help prevent fatal construction accidents.
If your family member is a victim of a fatal construction accident, you may be entitled to some compensation for their wrongful death.
Consult a wrongful death attorney who has experience in handling fatal construction accidents.
Employee Background Checks Security Checks On The Increase
In the aftermath of 9-11, and the growing problem of workplace violence, the demand and need for employee background checks and security checks are now greater than ever. Employers are turning to investigative companies in greater numbers to run employee background checks on new job applicants and existing employees, including positions where security may not have previously been given much consideration in the "pre 9-11" era. Many employers are now requiring security clearances for many non-defense related "high-tech" positions including computer programming. Employee background checks are required by Federal or State law for certain occupations such as jobs working with children, law enforcement, defense contractors, and any Federal employment.
Security clearances
Often, in employee background checks, especially where a security clearance is required, employers may run criminal records checks on the spouse of a job applicant as well and decide not to hire somebody based on their spouse's criminal record, even if the applicant has a squeaky clean record. In a traditional employee background check, only the applicant or employee is investigated while for a security clearance, the spouse and other family members are investigated as well. This holds true not just for top secret job positions within the US Military, or defense contractors, but now many "high-tech" civilian jobs such as programming as well. Unfortunately in some situations, whom one is married to can determine their employability. A dishonorable discharge from the US Military will automatically eliminate any chances of getting a security clearance.
In an employee background check, some things cannot be reported: Civil lawsuits, judgments older than 7 years, paid tax liens and collections paid after 7 years, bankruptcies older than 10 years. All over information except for criminal convictions older than 7 years. While employers are prohibited from requiring applicants to provide copies of their criminal records, they can obtain this information from other sources such as private agencies or public records.
Criminal histories or "rap sheets" are not public record in every state. In some states such as California, these are only available to certain employers where employee background checks are required by State and/or Federal law such as ie: public utilities, child care services, law enforcement, security companies, defense contractors.
Credit checks
A credit background check is very often part of an employee background check, however employers are required to obtain the employee's or applicant's written consent under the Fair Credit Reporting Act, FCRA (15 U.S.C. §1681). Many employers consider a person's credit habits a good judge of character. Following any decisions not to hire somebody based on their credit report, a copy of the report must be provided to the employee, or applicant, so they may have to option to challenge it. Employers cannot fire a current employee for filing bankruptcy, but potential employers can legally reject a job applicant. There are two different kinds of credit checks. A standard credit bureau report is obtained from any one of the 3 credit bureaus, Equifax, Experion, or Transunion. This reveals a person's credit worthiness, credit habits, credit capacity. An investigative consumer report is much more extensive and delves into a person's character, mode of living, reputation, etc. This is usually acquired by contacting associates, even neighbors or friends of the applicant to inquire as to their character.
In today's increasingly security-conscious world, employers feel they have a responsibility for the welfare and safety of their employees, company reputation, and liability. Job seekers and employees can expect more employee background checks, and be placed under the microscope more than ever before.
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Hot Legal Issue Of The Day � Right To Privacy
While a number of topics are currently being discussed in the United States, one of the most controversial is that of the right to privacy. This hot button issue is made more complex in a post 9-11 environment. We struggle to find and maintain a balance between personal rights and public safety.
Most people would vigorously defend the right to privacy, feeling that the accessibility of too much personal information is not only an invasion, but morally wrong, and unconstitutional. After all, prior to September 11th, the United States had not been subjected to the overt terrorism that had plagued other countries.
The events of September 11th pervaded our false sense of security and caused us truly question if the enemy was in a far off country or our next door neighbor. In our post 09/11 world, the government’s responsibility to protect Americans has taken on new meaning. In an aggressive effort to protect us from the threat within, the government has adopted a “by any means necessary” approach even if that means listening in to phone calls, reading emails, reviewing library records or scouring through websites. The recent foiled plot of airline bombings in Britain is an example of how invasion of privacy can in fact keep us safe. The individuals stopped for this heinous crime were discovered first by a tip but second from police monitoring private activity which included phone calls.
In the instance where a terrorism plot is averted because of the invasion of privacy there can be no argument to the validity of the practice. Yet, we also know that innocent people have had their privacy invaded when they did not pose a threat to national security.
The national debate over privacy has repercussions on a smaller level as well. Corporations and employees struggle with privacy issues in the workplace. Companies also are seeking to protect themselves from a different kind of terrorism – that of legal and financial exposure caused by the actions of its employees, whether innocent or intentionally malicious.
Privacy is legally protected by the Constitution of the United States, and at the very core of America’s existence. As politicians, voters and special interest groups debate these constitutional issues, employees and employers seek to understand the rules of engagement within business.
Does an employee have privacy rights at work? How far can employers go in monitoring the activities of employees to ensure that they are protected from liability?
Employers not only have a right to monitor the activities of employees but a responsibility. Computer activity, including e-mails and phone calls can be monitored by the employer. In fact, some degree of monitoring is recommended. Emails are discoverable in legal action exposing employers to a great degree of risk. Even if the employer has a policy that expressly states that personal emails are allowable, the company still has a right to monitor individual emails.
Phone calls, except those placed on designated “for personal use” phones, can also be monitored. Call center and customer service employees are routinely monitored for quality assurance and training. There are however, federal and state regulations which must be adhered to which in many locations including notifying parties that the call is being monitored. Most employees will need to place or receive a personal call from work at some point in time. However, as a best practice, employees should use pay phones or cell phones when they must conduct personal business during the work day.
As we seek to balance privacy and protection on a national stage, we will undoubtedly make adjustments on a more personal level. We have already become accustomed to much of our lives being monitored through security cameras, electronic tracking and internet use so it is possible that what is now viewed as invasion will simply become normal. In the interim, it is wise to assume that what happens in Vegas, may not stay in Vegas!
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Stopping Waste Pollution by Profitable Bottle Recycling
With the urban development across the major cities of British Columbia, there is a fear of over-dumping of landfills and increased waste pollution. Especially, glass and plastic waste has been increasing in the recent times. We find a lot of waste comprising of plastic bottles, glass bottles, beverage cans and tins, alcohol containers etc.
This has led to a massive dumping of the landfills across different centers of British Columbia. The Vancouver city is no longer untouched of the menace of over-crowding landfills and waste dumps. In order to fight this present situation, recycling has become a sort after method. It can be used to curb the waste deposition and increase the reuse of various reusable waste material such as plastic and glass. More often than not, we tend to overlook the potential of waste as a potential commodity that can be reused after quality and professional recycling processes.
The latest to hit the recycling horizon is the concept of profitable recycling. There are many recycling centers and bottle depots across the BC region that offer the consumers to come and deposit their plastic and glass bottles, cans, beverage containers, alcohol bottles etc and earn some extra money. The initiative has been taken up by some BC bottle depots that are targeting the end users to become aware of the rising issue of waste pollution in their area and help in the environment cleaning procedures. And if you can earn some extra money in the process then nothing betters that.
Some of the important reasons identified for the need of recycling include the following:
Removal of wastes
An important aspect of recycling is removal of waste; harmful and otherwise. With the recycling of bottles and glass, we can clean the environment and keep it free from the effects of land and water pollution.
Conservation of Resources
The reuse of waste material for the benefit of the environment results in the conservation of resources that can be used for other vital processes.
Protection of landfills
The protection of landfills is also a crucial aspect for the promotion of recycling all around the globe. The landfills are getting over-dumped with the chances of harmful toxins being spread in your own neighborhood. Hence, it becomes our prime duty to protect them for better use.
Earn and don’t spend
The process of recycling is cost-effective and with the introduction of profitable recycling, one can also earn by deposition of wastes at the bottle depots and recycling centers in BC and earn some extra money for their efforts in conserving and protecting their Mother Nature.
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eisbär, ours blanc, isbjørn, polar bear, saying ''save our environment''
eisbär, ours blanc, isbjørn, polar bear, saying ''save our environment''
gemstech international institute best safety training in india
gemstech international institute best safety training in india
วันพุธที่ 27 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
Marine Protected Areas support artisanal fishermen in the Mediterranean
Knowing The Different Risks Of Chemical Mixing
Chemicals can either be useful or dangerous. This is why safety precautions are employed in all chemical laboratories and these stringent measures are only appropriate to avoid life-threatening mistakes. Generally, substances are harmless under the appropriate conditions. When we speak of appropriate conditions we are considering the proper storage, right temperature and pressure in the storage area, and the handling. While handling and storage of chemicals should be done with care, the observance of precautions when mixing different substances is even more compelling. Watch all the household chemicals, for instance, and you will understand that all these items come in solutions and mixtures of two or more ingredients. Mixtures and solutions are also quite important in many industrial sectors from agricultural chemical processing to chemical reagent preparations. In many processes calling for chemical mixing, mixing chemicals should be done in the most controlled procedures, often requiring sophisticated instruments and safety gears or protective suits.
There are many chemicals that are extremely hazardous. Mixing two or more substances can result to one of several types of reactions, all of which have one common feature and this is the production of new substances or new mixtures. Many useful chemicals have been manufactured through mixing of different chemicals. Various effects can happen when mixing substances though. These include precipitation of a new substance, evolution of heat, absorption of heat, and evolution of gas (if one of the products is a gaseous substance). Of course, change in the color of the mixture is an apparent indication of a reaction happening. The matter with combination of two or more substances is that toxic chemicals or gases may be the products of the formerly inert substances. In other cases, some chemicals could react vigorously with the production of enormous heat, which in uncontrolled instances can set nearby objects on fire. One of the most hazardous effects of crude mixing of certain substances is that a rapid evolution of toxic fumes may result. Doing such procedure without proper gears and instruments could expose one to hazardous substance.
Companies that do substance mixing or chemical filling should ensure that the stringent procedures are followed to avoid fatal accidents from happening. A single mistake can risk the life of many. The education of workers is imperative. Everyone working in the area should understand the sheer danger of chemicals and the products upon mixing. The following of standard procedure is a basic necessity in any chemical labs. Safety apparatuses should be at hand. Protective suits must be worn if necessary and if chemicals that are to be handled are corrosive and toxic. Ventilation is a basic thing.
It is also imperative that industrial workers who are often exposed to certain chemicals know which chemicals to watch out for. Some of them may not exactly understand what the exposure could mean. Furthermore, some do not understand the basics in mixing certain substances safely. Of course, there is no need to remind the chemists and the chemical engineers, but they, too, should realize the repercussions of complacency.
As a general rule, anybody should not attempt to mix two or more unknown chemicals. Also avoid mixing household chemicals if you are unsure about the resulting products. There are certain chemicals at home that could generate dangerous gases when combined. For instance, bleach and ammonia may produce toxic chlorine and other irritating fumes that could render you unconscious. Even mixing some compounds with water should be done with precaution. For instance, mixing water and strong acids and alkaline can produce enormous quantities of heat.
If you are purchasing chemicals, always ask the dealer about the properties of the substances. Also inquire about the proper handling and storage as well as the possible hazards. This information may not come with the chemical packaging, chemical packing, or chemical specifications.
Jo is a writer for 'ReAgent' (http://www.toll-manufacturers.co.uk), an established UK stationed chemical firm offering bespoke manufacturing assistance which involves chemical deformulation and formulation, chemical packaging, chemical mixing, toll filling and toll blending, plus a complete variety of specialist toll manufacturing. If your corporation is searching for high quality chemical products in bespoke pack sizes and customized containers that conform to your specific requirements then have a look at ReAgent Chemicals.
There are many chemicals that are extremely hazardous. Mixing two or more substances can result to one of several types of reactions, all of which have one common feature and this is the production of new substances or new mixtures. Many useful chemicals have been manufactured through mixing of different chemicals. Various effects can happen when mixing substances though. These include precipitation of a new substance, evolution of heat, absorption of heat, and evolution of gas (if one of the products is a gaseous substance). Of course, change in the color of the mixture is an apparent indication of a reaction happening. The matter with combination of two or more substances is that toxic chemicals or gases may be the products of the formerly inert substances. In other cases, some chemicals could react vigorously with the production of enormous heat, which in uncontrolled instances can set nearby objects on fire. One of the most hazardous effects of crude mixing of certain substances is that a rapid evolution of toxic fumes may result. Doing such procedure without proper gears and instruments could expose one to hazardous substance.
Companies that do substance mixing or chemical filling should ensure that the stringent procedures are followed to avoid fatal accidents from happening. A single mistake can risk the life of many. The education of workers is imperative. Everyone working in the area should understand the sheer danger of chemicals and the products upon mixing. The following of standard procedure is a basic necessity in any chemical labs. Safety apparatuses should be at hand. Protective suits must be worn if necessary and if chemicals that are to be handled are corrosive and toxic. Ventilation is a basic thing.
It is also imperative that industrial workers who are often exposed to certain chemicals know which chemicals to watch out for. Some of them may not exactly understand what the exposure could mean. Furthermore, some do not understand the basics in mixing certain substances safely. Of course, there is no need to remind the chemists and the chemical engineers, but they, too, should realize the repercussions of complacency.
As a general rule, anybody should not attempt to mix two or more unknown chemicals. Also avoid mixing household chemicals if you are unsure about the resulting products. There are certain chemicals at home that could generate dangerous gases when combined. For instance, bleach and ammonia may produce toxic chlorine and other irritating fumes that could render you unconscious. Even mixing some compounds with water should be done with precaution. For instance, mixing water and strong acids and alkaline can produce enormous quantities of heat.
If you are purchasing chemicals, always ask the dealer about the properties of the substances. Also inquire about the proper handling and storage as well as the possible hazards. This information may not come with the chemical packaging, chemical packing, or chemical specifications.
Jo is a writer for 'ReAgent' (http://www.toll-manufacturers.co.uk), an established UK stationed chemical firm offering bespoke manufacturing assistance which involves chemical deformulation and formulation, chemical packaging, chemical mixing, toll filling and toll blending, plus a complete variety of specialist toll manufacturing. If your corporation is searching for high quality chemical products in bespoke pack sizes and customized containers that conform to your specific requirements then have a look at ReAgent Chemicals.
Save Environment....3-A Short Skit 'Prakriti Bachaao'
Kansas City Janitorial Services � It Is Important To Your Business
Appearance is important. What people see when they first walk into your place of business has a profound and lasting effect on how your organization is perceived. First impressions are critical in business relationships, so it is important to strive to always make them the best you can. Hiring a Kansas City janitorial services company that understands how vital your image is to your business will make your job a whole lot easier.
Many traditional office cleaning companies only provide surface cleaning. Vacuuming carpets, sweeping floors, emptying trash, dusting and washing windows just about cover their level of service. The key is to hire a office cleaning company in Kansas City that does more than surface cleaning. Look for janitorial companies that offer more advanced services like, grout cleaning, commercial carpet cleaning, concrete coatings and more. It is ideal to find a company that can offer handyman services to make minor electrical, plumbing and structural repairs and even complete remodels. This allows you even more flexibility and assurance that your place of business will always look professional and you don’t have to shop for an electrician, a plumber or a remodeler because they already work for you. There are even a select few that will also perform emergency service for fire and water damage cleanup.
Be sure to find a Kansas City janitorial service that will consult with you about your cleaning needs. Determine if you can rely on their expertise to give you sound advice and provide the services that you really need. By checking references you can learn how well they perform over a long period of time. If you check more than one reference you can see if the janitorial service tailors to each clients cleaning needs and specifications. You want a company that is able to customize their service to meet your needs.
Choosing a green Kansas City janitorial service, one that is environment friendly, can also improve your image both to your clients and your employees. Green cleaning is good for the environment plain and simple. And when your company is seen by others doing what it can to protect the environment, you will be held in higher regard in their eyes. Your employees will also appreciate the use of green cleaning solutions as it will lessen the amount of chemicals in the air and on work surfaces. Plus, using green products creates a healthy work environment that translates into healthier employees and fewer sick days.
As you can see, there is a vast difference between hiring a Kansas City janitorial services company that offers a complete service that benefits you and your company and one that vacuums, dusts and empties trash cans. Being able to find a company that can perform all of the necessary tasks in your business related to cleaning and building maintenance frees you up to work on your business. Since you will not be distracted by the dirt, stains and imperfections of your facility, you can focus your attention on the truly important parts of your business that make it more profitable.
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Learn to Freecycle
Never heard of freecycling? You’re not alone. Freecycling is a recent trend that takes garage sale-ing to the next level. Freecyclers use internet groups to get rid of their unwanted goods and pick up new things, all for free. Currently over one million members in over 50 countries around the world participate in freecycling.
The original Freecycle Network formed in Tucson, Arizona in May 2003 to promote waste reduction and help save the desert landscape from being taken over by landfills. The concept of environmental protection, paired with free stuff, took off and local groups can now be found in almost 3,000 communities around the world. Local groups are run by a volunteer moderator and membership is free and open to individuals and non-profit organizations.
Participating in a freecycle network is simple. The easiest way to join a group is to visit www.freecycle.org and locate a Freecycle Network-affiliated program in your community. If no program exists in your area, check for listings in community newspapers and publications, thrift stores and health food stores. You may find a fledgling network just forming in your community. Still no luck? Consider starting your own!
Once you join a freecycling group, take some time to see how things are done. Log on to the group’s website and get a feel for how listings are posted to the site. Some groups have restrictions on what you can and cannot post, but most simply require that all items be completely free, legal and appropriate for all ages. It doesn’t matter what you have to offer – computer parts, couch, clothing, an old window, broken car, perfume, etc. If you have it and it’s unwanted, it’s almost guaranteed that someone else can put it to good use.
If see something you’d like to have, send an email response to the member's offer. Depending on the number of members in the group, the giver will probably receive lots of requests. The giver alone decides who gets the item, so it’s helpful to explain why you’d like the item in your email. Don’t get too crazy – the giver doesn’t need to know your life story. Explain your situation in simple terms – like, “I’m a single mom who just moved here after my divorce and I would love to pick up your washing machine tonight. I would really appreciate not having to squeeze in time to go to the laundromat after work.”
If you’re chosen as the lucky recipient, you’ll need to arrange a pick-up time for passing on the treasure. If the item is small and not too valuable, the giver may offer to leave it on his/her front porch for pick-up at any time. Bigger ticket items may require more coordination, especially if you’ll need help moving your prize. Try to be as flexible as possible when making arrangements with the giver – after all, you’re getting the item for free!
Your local network may also allow wanted posts. If you’re looking for something specific, like a 10 gallon aquarium, check with freecycle first. If you see one already listed, great. But if not, post a message describing what you’re looking for. Odds are good that someone has one sitting in their basement collecting dust. While each individual network may have slightly different restrictions, most are run similarly. Be sure to check the restrictions before posting an item or responding to an offer – don’t getting kicked out of the group because you don’t know the rules!
Freecycling can get competitive. After all, who wouldn’t jump on the chance for a free sofa, TV, computer or other piece of usually expensive merchandise? You won’t get every item you request, but chances are, you’ll be able to score a great deal on something you really need. As an added bonus, you’re helping to protect the environment by reducing landfill waste. So hurry up and get started – who knows what bargain is out there waiting for you?
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Rainy Weather Traffic Safety Guidelines
Wet weather reached us early this year and, with it, numerous collisions on our roads and highways. The latest accident statistics indicate that December through February is the worst time for rain-related crashes, with the accident rate tripling when the roads are wet, according to the California Highway Patrol (CHP). Taking additional precautions is crucial to the safety of drivers during this time of year.
After it first rains here, drivers experience a unique situation that only comes from little to no rain for several months: an accumulation of engine oil and grease collects on our roads and highways, making them extremely slick after it rains.
While the recent rains have caused many fender benders, there have been several crashes resulting in injuries, including a major big-rig accident over the grapevine that caused a Sig Alert for several hours. In addition, several multiple-vehicle accidents have caused injuries.
Due to the accumulation of water in the peripheral lanes of the highway when it rains heavily, drivers should travel in the center lanes to avoid hydroplaning.
Other wet weather driving safety tips include:
Check your tires and windshield wipers to be sure you are ready for rainy or winter driving. Check wipers and tires: replace wipers each year and tires when they begin to lose traction.
Slow down! Allow for greater distances between you and the car in front of you when it rains. Try to follow the tracks of the car in front of you but never follow a truck; in some cases, the spray created by a truck may reduce your vision through the windshield.
If there is too much water on the roadway, you may find yourself hydroplaning. Under such circumstances, avoid turning the wheel or braking. Release the gas pedal slowly and steer straight ahead until the car regains traction again.
Brake earlier and with less force than usual. In addition to indicating to the driver behind you that you are slowing down, it increases the stopping distance for you and the car ahead of you.
Turn on your lights. This increases visibility, enabling you to see the road more clearly and other drivers to see you.
Be vigilant, as numerous collisions between motor vehicles and pedestrians often occur during stormy weather. People walking with umbrellas are typically distracted during rainy times and may not always hear automobiles over the pounding rain.
During the fall and winter wet weather, it is important to slow down and take extra driving safety precautions. Leaving early for a destination--or arriving a few minutes late--is better than never making it there at all.
Save Our World
Save Our World
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Funny environmental protection ads
Funny environmental protection ads
6 Things You Must Know about Fiber Optic Cable Materials
:: Environment requirement on outdoor fiber optic cables
Outdoor fiber cables must endure harsh environment factors such as UV radiation from sunlight, storms, snows and 80 mph wind, so outdoor cables must be strong, weatherproof and UV resistant. The outdoor cable should also be able to endure the wild temperature variations both during installation and throughout its life span.
These factors determine the materials used for the cable construction. Various materials are used to suit the installation environment.
Outdoor cable jacket is treated to prevent UV light from penetrating inside the cable and damaging the internal glass fibers. Extra UV protection specification can be specified if needed.
:: Environment requirement on indoor fiber optic cables
Indoor fiber cables should be strong and flexible for easy pulling and installation. They should also possess NEC required fire and smoke ratings. As a industry standard practice, single mode fiber jacket is yellow and multimode fiber jacket is orange.
:: Popular cable materials in fiber optic cable construction
1. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Features:
1) Good resistance to environmental effects. Some formulations are rated for -55°C to +55°C.
2) Good flame retardant properties. Can be used for both outdoor and indoor fiber optic cables.
3) PVC is less flexible than PE (Polyethylene)
2. PE (Polyethylene)
Features:
1) Popular cable jacket material for outdoor fiber cables
2) Very good moisture and weather resistance properties
3) Very good insulator
4) Can be very stiff in colder temperatures
5) If treated with proper chemicals, PE can be flame retardant
3. Fluoropolymers
Features:
1) Good flame-resistance properties
2) Low smoke properties
3) Good flexibility
4) Most often used for indoor fiber cables
4. Kevlar (Aramid Yarn)
Aramid yarn is the yellow fiber type material found inside cable jacket surrounding the fibers. It can also be used as central strength members.
Features:
1) Aramid yarn is very strong and is used in bundle to protect the fibers
2) Kevlar is a brand of aramid yarn. Kevlar is often used as the central strength member on fiber cables which must withstand high pulling tension during installation
3) When Kevlar is placed surrounding the entire cable interior, it provides additional protection for the fibers from the environment
5. Steel Armor
Steel armor jacket is often used on direct burial outdoor cables and it provides excellent crush resistance and is truly rodent-proof. Since steel is a conductor, steel armored cables have to be properly grounded and loss fiber optic cable's dielectric advantage.
Applications:
1) Outdoor direct burial cables
2) Fiber cables used for industrial environment where cables are installed without conduits or cable tray protection
Features:
1) Provides excellent crush resistance for outdoor direct burial cables
2) Protects cables from rodent biting
3) Decreases water ingress into the fiber which prolongs the fiber cable's life expectancy
6. Central Strength Member
For large fiber count cables, a central strength member is often used. The central strength member provides strength and support to the cable. During fiber optic cable installation, pulling eyes should always be attached to the central strength member and never to the fibers. On fiber splice enclosure and patch panel installations, the cable central strength member should be attached to the strength member anchor on the enclosure or patch panel.
About the author:
Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic technologies and products. Learn even more about plastic optical cable, plastic optical fiber pof and plastic optical fibers on Fiber Optics For Sale Co. web Site.
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Outdoor fiber cables must endure harsh environment factors such as UV radiation from sunlight, storms, snows and 80 mph wind, so outdoor cables must be strong, weatherproof and UV resistant. The outdoor cable should also be able to endure the wild temperature variations both during installation and throughout its life span.
These factors determine the materials used for the cable construction. Various materials are used to suit the installation environment.
Outdoor cable jacket is treated to prevent UV light from penetrating inside the cable and damaging the internal glass fibers. Extra UV protection specification can be specified if needed.
:: Environment requirement on indoor fiber optic cables
Indoor fiber cables should be strong and flexible for easy pulling and installation. They should also possess NEC required fire and smoke ratings. As a industry standard practice, single mode fiber jacket is yellow and multimode fiber jacket is orange.
:: Popular cable materials in fiber optic cable construction
1. PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride)
Features:
1) Good resistance to environmental effects. Some formulations are rated for -55°C to +55°C.
2) Good flame retardant properties. Can be used for both outdoor and indoor fiber optic cables.
3) PVC is less flexible than PE (Polyethylene)
2. PE (Polyethylene)
Features:
1) Popular cable jacket material for outdoor fiber cables
2) Very good moisture and weather resistance properties
3) Very good insulator
4) Can be very stiff in colder temperatures
5) If treated with proper chemicals, PE can be flame retardant
3. Fluoropolymers
Features:
1) Good flame-resistance properties
2) Low smoke properties
3) Good flexibility
4) Most often used for indoor fiber cables
4. Kevlar (Aramid Yarn)
Aramid yarn is the yellow fiber type material found inside cable jacket surrounding the fibers. It can also be used as central strength members.
Features:
1) Aramid yarn is very strong and is used in bundle to protect the fibers
2) Kevlar is a brand of aramid yarn. Kevlar is often used as the central strength member on fiber cables which must withstand high pulling tension during installation
3) When Kevlar is placed surrounding the entire cable interior, it provides additional protection for the fibers from the environment
5. Steel Armor
Steel armor jacket is often used on direct burial outdoor cables and it provides excellent crush resistance and is truly rodent-proof. Since steel is a conductor, steel armored cables have to be properly grounded and loss fiber optic cable's dielectric advantage.
Applications:
1) Outdoor direct burial cables
2) Fiber cables used for industrial environment where cables are installed without conduits or cable tray protection
Features:
1) Provides excellent crush resistance for outdoor direct burial cables
2) Protects cables from rodent biting
3) Decreases water ingress into the fiber which prolongs the fiber cable's life expectancy
6. Central Strength Member
For large fiber count cables, a central strength member is often used. The central strength member provides strength and support to the cable. During fiber optic cable installation, pulling eyes should always be attached to the central strength member and never to the fibers. On fiber splice enclosure and patch panel installations, the cable central strength member should be attached to the strength member anchor on the enclosure or patch panel.
About the author:
Colin Yao is an expert on fiber optic technologies and products. Learn even more about plastic optical cable, plastic optical fiber pof and plastic optical fibers on Fiber Optics For Sale Co. web Site.
You can find additional info at the following links:
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Coach Sharon
Developing a Social Media Presence on Facebook - Is It for Your Nonprofit Organization?
Today, there is quite a bit of buzz about social media, what it is, and whether or not you should develop a social media presence. And, you have probably heard about a variety of social media sites, such as MySpace, Linked In, Twitter, and Facebook. Becau... Read >Is Your Glass Half Full or Half Empty?
We often hear people talking about whether someone's glass is half full or half empty, which is really a metaphor for how someone views their life or the world around them. If someone is negative or pessimistic, people might regard them as seeing their gl... Read >Four Common Methods To Solicit Client Feedback
Most nonprofit organizations have a mission to serve specific individuals or groups of people. To hold true to their mission, nonprofits need to make sure that their clients are satisfied with the organization's programs and services. As they are in busin... Read >Top Eight Characteristics Of True Friends
Over the years, I have observed people who are real friends and people who claim to be friends. As I get older, I truly believe the old saying that you can count your real friends on one hand. So, you may be asking what makes a person a real friend. I hav... Read >Six Tips For Turning Negative Thoughts Into Positive Ones
No matter how positive you are, there is probably at least one negative feeling or thought that creeps into your mind on a daily basis. Negative thoughts have many origins. They can develop from not feeling well, experiencing low self-esteem, or doubting ... Read >Nonprofit Vision Statements, Core Values & Mission Statements
In the nonprofit field, reference is often made to an organization's core values, mission statement, and vision statement. I have found that there is some confusion regarding the difference between a mission and vision statement, and that some organizatio... Read >Top Five Responsibilities of Nonprofit Board Members
Having managed or worked for nonprofits most of my career, I have seen effective and ineffective boards of directors. Good boards of directors are clear about their roles and responsibilities versus those of the Executive Director, and don't overstep thei... Read >Where Are You In Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy Of Needs?
As a social work and psychology student, Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs was a theory in which we focused a great deal of time. According to Maslow, there are five levels of needs, ranging from physiological to self-actualization. It is difficult to m... Read >Six Steps To Creating More Productive Staff Performance Evaluations
When you think about having a performance evaluation or review, what is the first thing that comes to your mind? For many people, however skilled and good they may be at doing their job, the thought of an upcoming performance evaluation creates anxiety. E... Read >Retaining Employees – Protecting Your Most Important Asset
In the nonprofit field, salaries are generally low and working with clients who have multiple needs can be challenging. Although this can make employee retention difficult, there are steps you can take to provide a work environment that is supportive and ... Read >You can find additional info at the following links:
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MOTHER NATURE NEEDS US- Environmental Song w/lyrics (original) by THE PJ GRAND BAND
MOTHER NATURE NEEDS US- Environmental Song w/lyrics (original) by THE PJ GRAND BAND
Travel Risk Managment and Workplace Health and Safety
Travel Risk Managment and Workplace Health and Safety
The Risk of Driving a Car in America
National studies have shown that there are a number of factors that contribute to the many car accidents that take place in this country every year. These factors include driver behaviour, or poor choices made by a driver. Excessive vehicle speed also leads to many automobile accidents. Any driver impairment can contribute to accidents. Physical impairments like poor vision, old age, lack of sleep, drinking alcohol or taking drugs can keep a driver from performing at their best. In some circumstances road design may lead to accidents, if the road engineering has a significant safety flaw. Finally, vehicle design and maintenance can also be a factor in car accidents. Anything that impairs the handling of a car could be an issue. Some vehicles are more prone to tipping over on curves at high speed, due to their physical design. Worn brakes or tires can also contribute to a crash.
Special Risks of Teen Driving
The leading cause of death for teens between 15 and 19 years of age in the United States is automobile accidents. Teens are more likely to be inexperienced drivers, so unusual or stressful driving situations pose an high risk for their level of driving knowledge. They may not know how to steer out of a slide on ice, for example, because they just have not had much practice doing that. Another element of risk is that a teen is also much more likely than a more mature driver to be distracted at the wheel. Cell phones, texting, working the car radio or chatting with passengers can draw a teen driver's attention away from the road and lead to accidents. Teens also tend to be risk-takers, and think nothing bad could ever happen to them. This also leads to unsafe practices behind the wheel .
Reduce Your Risk
Taking additional safety measures can reduce the number and severity of crashes. Avoid distractions when driving. Put away your cell phone. Have a safety check performed at the car dealership before heading out for a long trip. Airbags and antilock brakes are safety features to look for when buying a car.
Please drive safely. This information is not intended to be construed as legal advice.
Learn more from Kelley / Uustal Law firm - Fort Lauderdale, FL -www.JusticeForAll.com
Special Risks of Teen Driving
The leading cause of death for teens between 15 and 19 years of age in the United States is automobile accidents. Teens are more likely to be inexperienced drivers, so unusual or stressful driving situations pose an high risk for their level of driving knowledge. They may not know how to steer out of a slide on ice, for example, because they just have not had much practice doing that. Another element of risk is that a teen is also much more likely than a more mature driver to be distracted at the wheel. Cell phones, texting, working the car radio or chatting with passengers can draw a teen driver's attention away from the road and lead to accidents. Teens also tend to be risk-takers, and think nothing bad could ever happen to them. This also leads to unsafe practices behind the wheel .
Reduce Your Risk
Taking additional safety measures can reduce the number and severity of crashes. Avoid distractions when driving. Put away your cell phone. Have a safety check performed at the car dealership before heading out for a long trip. Airbags and antilock brakes are safety features to look for when buying a car.
Please drive safely. This information is not intended to be construed as legal advice.
Learn more from Kelley / Uustal Law firm - Fort Lauderdale, FL -www.JusticeForAll.com
Adults with Tourette's
Living with Tourettes has various stages of severity that determine how simple or difficult it is to interact in society successfully. While some adults have very mild cases that are barely noticeable to others around them, others have very severe symptoms that are very much noticeable by others. Tourettes is a disorder that can affect every aspect of someone's life.
How each individual deals with the disorder is something that they must personally be comfortable with. Each person must find the treatment method that they are able to handle based upon their particular lifestyle and needs. How each individual chooses to treat their symptoms is a decision that they must make, after deciding what they want, what is best for their family, and what treatment options are acceptable to them.
Tourettes in the workplace
The good news is that employers are prohibited from discriminating against those who have Tourettes when reviewing applications and making employment decisions. The reality is that while many employers are barred from letting the illness effect their hiring decision, many do have hesitations on hiring someone with Tourettes. The burden is then placed on to the individual as to how to make things work for them.
Some people have decided to be proactive and take additional medication during the day so that while they are at work they have fewer uncontrollable tics. Many others are working with their bosses to remove stressors so that the number of tics during the day are reduced. Some adults living with Tourettes are experiencing great amounts of success working from home and just telecommuting to work.
If you are looking for a job, it is very important to pay close attention to how happy the other employees are. Do they seem calm, or completely stressed? If they are clam that is a sign, you can dig further into the company. If they are stressed you should probably cut your losses and look elsewhere since stress tends to trigger tics. Your goal should be reducing your tics at work, not agitating them.
As you can see, there are several viable options that you can put to use, regardless of whether you are looking for a job, or looking for a way to make things easier on you at your current job. The choices you make should be based upon what is best for you, and your symptoms. While one solution may work for someone else, it may not be the correct solution for you. Keep looking until you work out a solution that is acceptable for you and your situation.
Tourettes and Relationships
Many people who have Tourettes are faced at some point with a decision on how to handle relationships. The first rule of thumb is to not hide the disorder. Instead, it is best to be upfront and honest about the disorder so that your relationship is out in the open. While most people do not feel comfortable enough to tell someone whom they are casually dating, anyone who is in a serious relationship should tell their significant other.
Many people worry about doing something offensive or rude when they are on a date. It is good to ensure that your dates know about the disorder if you think it may be a problem, it is easier to discuss it upfront rather than trying to explain the disorder after something has been done to force the issue. This can make a rather uncomfortable conversation, as well as make both individuals very nervous.
One method of tic control you can consider is symptom substitution. This is simply a manner of 'training' the body to do something else other than the tic. This generally takes a while to learn, and is not something that can be mastered immediately; however has benefits not only in dating and relationships but with jobs as well.
Tourettes as an Adult
The good news for most adults is that Tourettes symptoms tend to be much easier to handle than they were for the individual when they were a child. Most Tourettes symptoms start to subside slightly as time progresses. Whether this is more from the symptoms becoming milder, or the patient learning how to handle the tics better is still unclear.
It is important that medications still be taken as prescribed. This is a major factor that many adults with disorders tend to wish would disappear. However, the medications are typically a major aspect that helps the individual maintain a normal quality of life.
It is also important that as an adult living with Tourettes you educate yourself as much as possible to new treatment options. When new treatment methods are discovered and studied it helps to improve the quality of life for almost all patients when eases up on the problems for individuals.
As an adult living with Tourettes, you should surround yourself with people you know and feel safe with as well as who also understand your disorder. Tourettes frighten many people because they do not understand the disorder. It is important to know that it is nothing against you personally, but rather they do not know and understand all aspects of Tourettes.
As times improve, it becomes much easier for individuals to live with Tourettes. As technology and medical research improve, it will become even easier, but it is still not going to result in a perfect life. You must be willing to put forth the effort to live as close to a normal life as possible. Work with your doctor to arrange the best treatment option for your particular lifestyle.
If something happens and your symptoms flair, be sure to speak to your doctor and let them know. You should actively seek to regain control over your tics, which could be as simple as just removing something from your environment that is triggering the tics. Other times, it could be something in your diet that you are eating. Be flexible and willing to make changes as they are needed and you should be able to enjoy a very successful life as an adult living with Tourettes who has a full and satisfying life. There is no reason why Tourettes will stop you from dating, being successful in your career, and making the life
--
Steve Driskill is the author of "End Your Child's Tics Now!", which is centered on how adults and children can end thier tics from Tourettes by modifying their diet. His book can be found at http://www.facialtics.org.
How each individual deals with the disorder is something that they must personally be comfortable with. Each person must find the treatment method that they are able to handle based upon their particular lifestyle and needs. How each individual chooses to treat their symptoms is a decision that they must make, after deciding what they want, what is best for their family, and what treatment options are acceptable to them.
Tourettes in the workplace
The good news is that employers are prohibited from discriminating against those who have Tourettes when reviewing applications and making employment decisions. The reality is that while many employers are barred from letting the illness effect their hiring decision, many do have hesitations on hiring someone with Tourettes. The burden is then placed on to the individual as to how to make things work for them.
Some people have decided to be proactive and take additional medication during the day so that while they are at work they have fewer uncontrollable tics. Many others are working with their bosses to remove stressors so that the number of tics during the day are reduced. Some adults living with Tourettes are experiencing great amounts of success working from home and just telecommuting to work.
If you are looking for a job, it is very important to pay close attention to how happy the other employees are. Do they seem calm, or completely stressed? If they are clam that is a sign, you can dig further into the company. If they are stressed you should probably cut your losses and look elsewhere since stress tends to trigger tics. Your goal should be reducing your tics at work, not agitating them.
As you can see, there are several viable options that you can put to use, regardless of whether you are looking for a job, or looking for a way to make things easier on you at your current job. The choices you make should be based upon what is best for you, and your symptoms. While one solution may work for someone else, it may not be the correct solution for you. Keep looking until you work out a solution that is acceptable for you and your situation.
Tourettes and Relationships
Many people who have Tourettes are faced at some point with a decision on how to handle relationships. The first rule of thumb is to not hide the disorder. Instead, it is best to be upfront and honest about the disorder so that your relationship is out in the open. While most people do not feel comfortable enough to tell someone whom they are casually dating, anyone who is in a serious relationship should tell their significant other.
Many people worry about doing something offensive or rude when they are on a date. It is good to ensure that your dates know about the disorder if you think it may be a problem, it is easier to discuss it upfront rather than trying to explain the disorder after something has been done to force the issue. This can make a rather uncomfortable conversation, as well as make both individuals very nervous.
One method of tic control you can consider is symptom substitution. This is simply a manner of 'training' the body to do something else other than the tic. This generally takes a while to learn, and is not something that can be mastered immediately; however has benefits not only in dating and relationships but with jobs as well.
Tourettes as an Adult
The good news for most adults is that Tourettes symptoms tend to be much easier to handle than they were for the individual when they were a child. Most Tourettes symptoms start to subside slightly as time progresses. Whether this is more from the symptoms becoming milder, or the patient learning how to handle the tics better is still unclear.
It is important that medications still be taken as prescribed. This is a major factor that many adults with disorders tend to wish would disappear. However, the medications are typically a major aspect that helps the individual maintain a normal quality of life.
It is also important that as an adult living with Tourettes you educate yourself as much as possible to new treatment options. When new treatment methods are discovered and studied it helps to improve the quality of life for almost all patients when eases up on the problems for individuals.
As an adult living with Tourettes, you should surround yourself with people you know and feel safe with as well as who also understand your disorder. Tourettes frighten many people because they do not understand the disorder. It is important to know that it is nothing against you personally, but rather they do not know and understand all aspects of Tourettes.
As times improve, it becomes much easier for individuals to live with Tourettes. As technology and medical research improve, it will become even easier, but it is still not going to result in a perfect life. You must be willing to put forth the effort to live as close to a normal life as possible. Work with your doctor to arrange the best treatment option for your particular lifestyle.
If something happens and your symptoms flair, be sure to speak to your doctor and let them know. You should actively seek to regain control over your tics, which could be as simple as just removing something from your environment that is triggering the tics. Other times, it could be something in your diet that you are eating. Be flexible and willing to make changes as they are needed and you should be able to enjoy a very successful life as an adult living with Tourettes who has a full and satisfying life. There is no reason why Tourettes will stop you from dating, being successful in your career, and making the life
--
Steve Driskill is the author of "End Your Child's Tics Now!", which is centered on how adults and children can end thier tics from Tourettes by modifying their diet. His book can be found at http://www.facialtics.org.
วันอังคารที่ 26 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
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With Military Divorces on the Rise, Members of Armed Forces and Their Spouses Must Know Their Legal Rights
There is no doubt, the debt that we owe to America’s men and women who serve in our armed forces is one that we can never fully repay. Such brave soldiers place their lives on the line every day to protect our families and the freedoms that we hold dear as Americans. In our great state of Texas, we are host to many military installations, including Fort Bliss and Fort Hood. We know, as is often correctly reported, that the military families who are left behind to tend to life on the home front face just as many challenges as those who are stationed overseas. Moms or dads suddenly become single parents for months at a time. Births and other milestones come and go without a loved one able to participate. The stress of not knowing if your family member in uniform is safe can take quite an emotional toll. When you combine these important factors with the long separations that many military couples must endure, as well as the trauma that a soldier experiences on the battlefield and then brings home to his family, there should be little surprise that divorce among families serving our country is a growing concern.
With ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, men and women in all branches of our armed forces are being asked to serve long tours that often keep them away from their spouses for a year or more. We are seeing the results of this wartime environment on our military homes. About four percent of enlisted troops in the Army and Marines obtained divorces in the year 2008, which constitutes a 5.4% increase for soldiers and 11% increase for Marines from the previous year. Some veterans groups believe that these statistics do not share the entire story, as they do not include the divorces that occur after couples with already strained marriages leave the service. As with civilian couples, there are a number of situations in which divorce is inevitable. Instances of abuse, infidelity, or other serious betrayals of wedding vows are unfortunately going to occur regardless of the current state of global politics. However, certainly some relationships would not be ending without the enormous impact placed on the marriage by war.
Our military is taking notice of the growing number of divorces within its ranks and is taking steps to protect the marriages of its active members. There are a variety of programs now being offered through the chaplains, mental health counseling networks, support groups for spouses of deployed troops and simply the amazing community that exists among service families. Being the largest branch, the Army naturally has the most comprehensive program for strengthening marriages. The primary component of the counseling offered is appropriately named “Strong Bonds.” This training is offered mostly as a retreat, which allows couples to focus on reconnecting with one another following a deployment so that they are better equipped to deal with all of the other challenges that life after serving abroad will bring. Participation in Strong Bonds has doubled every year since it began in 2003, with now more than 60,000 couples having taken part in the counseling. My hope is that programs such as this one will be successful in making the need for the divorce attorneys at my law firm to decline.
If a couple decides that the time has come to file for divorce, there are certain laws and requirements unique to military divorce of which both parties should be aware. Most importantly, during this time of war, participants should know that there are specific laws in place that protect active duty members of the military from being held in “default” for failing to respond to divorce papers. The Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act, 50 UCS section 521, at the discretion of the appropriate Texas court, can postpone divorce proceedings for the entire time that an active service member is on duty and for sixty days after he or she returns home. However, if the service member wants the divorce, this waiting period can be waived and the legal process can move forward. It is important that our men and women who are on the front lines of battle do not have to deal with the consuming issues that are usually involved with divorce proceedings at the same time.
There is also protection under federal law for the partner in the marriage who is not a member of the armed services. When it comes to the key piece of legislation known as the Uniformed Services Former Spouse Protection Act, the number “20” is one you need to remember. In order to receive continued benefits from the military, a former spouse must show that the service member served at least twenty years, that the marriage lasted at least twenty years and that the marriage overlapped the service by at least twenty years. If all three pieces of this numerical puzzle fit together, the estranged husband or wife is designated as a 20/20/20 former spouse and is entitled to full commissary, exchange and health care benefits.
Of course, there are concerns for a former spouse beyond going to the doctor and being able to buy eggs on base. When it comes to dividing shared property that accrued during the marriage, the same rules will apply in Texas as those that are used in civilian divorces. Concerning the delicate issue of spousal and child support, Texas law states that no more than 60% of a service member’s pay and allowances can be used for such purposes. Other than that restriction, civilian laws concerning support calculations will apply in Texas.
When an unhappy wife complains to a girlfriend about the state of her marriage, the common response is “Get a good lawyer!” This advice, though sometimes flippant in the face of serious problems, holds even more true when one of those involved in an upcoming divorce is a member of the military. There are specific guidelines and exceptions that must be followed when the United States Armed Forces is a third participant in the proceedings. If you have reached the point in your marriage at which divorce is the only remaining option, make sure you are an educated client when you enter an attorney’s office. And, verify that the attorney has experience dealing with the specifics found in military divorce. Knowing that your rights and interests are protected will at least provide some peace of mind during what is otherwise a difficult and emotional time. http://www.belolaw.com
You can find additional info at the following links:
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Does The Place You Live Affects Your Wellness?
During the course of your growing up years, you lived wherever your parents chose to live. You didn’t give any thought to the health implications of the location your parents chose, or if they had chosen a place that was conducive to your overall wellness. Chances are your parents didn’t give it much thought either. Not until recently, has there ever been given any thought to the fact that where you live affects your health and wellness. But it does, and it’s a piece of information that is sure to influence many generations to come.
So how is this information compiled, and what can we learn from it? The information is compiled based on statistical information from areas such as smog levels, pollution levels, water quality, government based fitness incentives, and recreational and fitness facilities available. Generally, one of the major magazines published in the United States, will compile all this statistical data, and publish an article as a recreational guide to healthy cities.
What do we learn from all this published information? That where we live really does affect our health and well-being, and sometimes, there’s very little we can do about changing that fact. Unless, of course, you want to move.
Often, the greatest contributor to our health and wellness, via our outside environment, is the level of pollution we’re forced to live with on a daily basis. How do we absorb pollutants in our outside environment? The most common way is through the air we breathe. It is not the only way, however. The water we drink, the homes we live in, and the cars we drive, all have the potential for unhealthy contaminants.
Our work environment at one time was a contributor to the pollutants we were exposed to, but thanks to greater Environmental Protection regulation, most of those dangers have been eradicated.
Past the pollutants contribution, the availability of health facilities, the amount of government support for health and fitness, and the availability of medical faculties also affects our health and wellness from a location standpoint. If you live in a rural area with no direct access to health facilities, and there is no medical facility, your level of overall health will not compare to that of a person who lives in a more populated area that can offer those things. The down side to the more populated area, of course, is a greater risk of air pollution.
Some areas of this country are just fitness conducive. Places where the air is still free from pollutants, there is an availability of hiking, biking, and walking trails, and the medical and fitness facilities are numerous. The problem with most of those places, however is that they are usually recreational based, not manufacturing or otherwise industrialized, and jobs are not that numerous.
What can you do about your own fitness concerns, in relation to where you live? Make the most of where you are. Educate yourself about the greatest fitness problems in your area, and do what you can to make corrections for your own fitness benefit.
You can find additional info at the following links:
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The Advantages Of Contact Lenses Over Glasses
Contact lenses are optical medical devices, just as spectacles are, and often provide cosmetic and optical advantages over them. The more than 35 million people in the United States who have opted for contact lenses over the use of glasses have done so because of their convenience, and cosmetic value. Many people initially feel discomfort when starting to use contact lenses, but the benefits of using them far outweigh these minor discomforts.
The Short History Of Spectacles
The invention of spectacles has greatly influenced progress in the arts and sciences, yet it is not very clear who invented this instrument. In 1270, Marco Polo saw elderly Chinese using this device, which they claim to have originated in Arabia in the 11th century.
The spectacles evolved in the western world from the late 1200s onwards, with riveted spectacles used by monks and scholars, who held the lenses in front of there eyes, or balanced them on their noses. The invention of the printing press in 1452 encouraged the mass production of spectacles, along with the growing popularity of books. For the lower and middle classes, there were spectacles mounted in wood, horn, bone, etc, whereas the upper classes used hand held spectacles in gold or silver frames.
The significant advancement in frame design occurred in the 1600s, with rigid bridges that allowed the spectacles to remain in place. In the present times, there has been a tremendous progress in frames and lens acuity, with the spectacles, whether plain or prescription, becoming a fashion statement.
The Short History Of Contact Lenses
If you are of the view that contact lenses are a new invention, you are way off the mark. Leonardo Da Vinci first described and sketched his ideas of contact lenses way back in 1508! However, it took more than 300 years to fabricate and wear them.
Swiss physician A.E. Fick and Paris optician Edouard Kalt are credited with fitting the first contact lenses, in the late 1800s, for myopia and hyperopia. These heavy glass lenses could be used for a few hours of wear only.
Plastic came into use in 1936, when William Feinbloom, an optometrist in New York, made contact lenses with the central portion of glass surrounded by plastic in the periphery that covered the sclera. 1948 saw a Californian optometrist, Kevin Tuohy produce contact lenses completely made of plastic.
The same year, George Butterfield, an optometrist from Oregon, improved upon Kevin Tuohy's design with lenses that matched the shape of the cornea, and would not easily pop off. These lenses have evolved to the present soft contact lenses, which are worn by more than 90% of the contact lens wearers in the United States.
Contact Lenses vs. Glasses
Contact lenses offer functional advantages over glasses in areas, such as sports, work – in humid environment, and in occupations where spectacles are inconvenient and not compatible with the equipment used, such as special headgears. Let us look at some of the advantages that contact lenses offer over glasses:
Natural Vision - As they are worn right on the cornea of the eye, contact lenses provide vision that is more natural. The objects appear in the correct size and position, without any distortion. The distance between the eye and the glasses can vary, causing the objects to appear larger or smaller than they actually are.
Stable Vision – Contact lenses are not affected by quick body movements, such as in sports and similar activities, and remain in place, providing clear and stable vision. Eyeglasses are unstable on your face when running, making your vision unstable, affecting your performance.
Peripheral Vision – Contacts give you a wider and better peripheral vision that glasses. Contact lenses move along with your eyes and you are always looking through the clearest part of the lens – the optic zone. On the other hand, the frames of the glasses block your peripheral vision, and when you move your eyes to the side, you are no longer looking through the optical center, causing blurred and distorted vision.
Unaffected By Weather – Contact lenses do not fog up when you come in from the cold, and neither do they get splattered by rain. In addition, they do not steam up from body heat or perspiration.
Comfortable – Contact lenses are quite comfortable to wear as they do not pinch your nose, or rub or press against your ears and temple, unlike glasses, which, in addition, slide down your nose when you perspire.
Contact lenses have been a boon for children in one particular sense. They do not get picked on at school by their friends. This relieves them from the psychological and physical traumas related to wearing glasses.
Glasses, at times do not work, and contact lenses are certainly superior to them:
Thick glasses are required in cases of severe short sightedness, making them very heavy, and your eyes look very small.
Glasses do not provide adequate correction when the difference between the visual acuity of your eyes is more than 2.5 diopters - a unit of measurement of the refractive power of lenses.
After cataract removal, your eyes need a special protection, which only contact lenses can provide adequately.
With improvements in technology, a wide variety of contact lenses are available, both for ophthalmic, as well as cosmetic uses. People who normally wear glasses can easily and safely shift to wearing contact lenses. People had many misgivings about using contact lenses, and opted for glasses, but these are no longer hold true.
There was a time when contact lenses used to pop out, and this was during the time when contact lenses were hard lenses. Today, there is no 'popping' out with the introduction of soft contact lenses. These soft contact lenses conform to the shape of the eye, and do not move or pop out.
Another myth of contact lenses being expensive is not correct. These are less expensive than many of the designer frames that are available today.
Follow the instructions of the manufacturers to take care of your contact lenses, to enable them to provide you with clear and healthy vision.
Michael Wright is a virtual authority on contact lenses. He also writes articles about color contact lenses and toric contact lenses.
Video Source: Youtube
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Protecting the Desert Tortoise
Protecting the Desert Tortoise
LED lights and light theory
1, LED light emitting structure and principle
It has been about 50 years ago, the semiconductor material can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diode produced in 1960. LED is the English light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is a piece of electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a wire rack, and then sealed with epoxy resin around, protect the internal core wire effect, so LED's seismic performance.
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The core part of the light-emitting diode is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor chip formed in the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor there was a transition between, known as the pn junction. In some semiconductor materials, PN junction, the injection of minority carrier and majority carrier recombination extra time to time to the form of light energy released, which convert light energy directly into electrical energy. PN junction reverse voltage, minority carrier injection is difficult, it is not light. This use of principle of injection electroluminescence diodes called LEDs produced, known as LED. When it is in working condition when the positive (that ends with a positive voltage), current flows from the cathode LED anode, the semiconductor crystal on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors of light intensity and current.
2, LED light source characteristics
1. Voltage: LED using low-voltage power supply, power supply voltage between 6-24V, vary according to product, so it is more secure than using high voltage power supply, especially for public places.
2. Effectiveness: consumption of energy efficient than incandescent light with 80% reduction
3. Applicability: small, small piece of each LED unit is 3-5mm square, it can be fabricated into various shapes of the devices, and volatile environment for
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, the light fades to 50% of the initial
5. Response time: the incandescent millisecond response time, LED lights nanosecond response time
6. On the environmental pollution: no harmful metal mercury
7. Color: you can change the current color, light-emitting diodes by chemical modification methods to easily adjust the material band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color light orange red Huanglv Lan. Such as the small current when the red LED, with the current increase, can turn into orange, yellow, and finally to green
8. Price: LED's are expensive, compared to incandescent lamps, a few LED's price on the price with an incandescent lamp rather, each signal usually require from the previous 300 to 500 diodes.
3, monochromatic LED types and history
The first application of principles of semiconductor PN junction light-emitting LED light source made of 60 came in the early 20th century. The material is then used GaAsP, hair red ( p = 650nm), the drive current of 20 mA, the luminous flux of only a few lumens per thousand, the corresponding luminous efficiency of about 0.1 lumens / watt.
Mid-70s, the introduction of elements of In and N, to generate green LED ( p = 555nm), yellow ( p = 590nm) and orange ( p = 610nm), optical efficiency is also increased to 1 lumen / watt.
To the early 80s, appeared in the LED light source GaAlAs make the red LED light efficiency of 10 lumens / watt.
The early 90s, hair, red and yellow of GaAlInP and hair green, blue GaInN developed two new materials to make LED light effect was greatly improved. In 2000, the former is made of LED in red and orange zone ( p = 615nm) light efficiency to 100 lm / W, which made the green LED in the region ( p = 530nm) light efficiency can reach 50 lm / watts.
Fourth, the application of monochromatic LED
Initially used as instruments of instruction LED light source, then all kinds of light-colored LED in traffic lights and large screens in the widely used and produced good economic and social benefits. To 12-inch red traffic lights, for example, could have been used in the United States long life, low-light 140-watt incandescent effective as the light source, it produces 2000 Lumens of white. The red filter, the optical loss of 90%, only 200 lumens of red light. In light of the new design, Lumileds has used a red LED light source 18, including circuit losses, including a total power of 14 watts of light can produce the same effect.
Automotive LED lights are also important areas of light application. In 1987, China began to install high car brake lights, LED response as fast (nanosecond), can be as early as possible so that the trailing vehicle drivers know that driving performance and reducing rear-end accident.
In addition, LED lights at the outdoor red, green, blue full-color display, mini flashlight key chain have been the areas of application.
Fifth, the development of white LED
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For general lighting, the white light that people need. 1998 white light LED developed. This is the GaN LED chip and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) made package together. GaN chip of blue ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of YAG phosphor containing Ce3 + excited by this blue light after the yellow emission peak 550nm. Blue LED substrate installed in the reflective cavity bowl, cover with a mixture of YAG thin layer of resin, about 200-500nm. Issued blue LED substrate partially phosphor absorbed, and some blue mixed with yellow phosphor issued, can be too white. Now, for the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition and adjust the thickness of the phosphor layer, available colors and color temperature 3500-10000K white.
about author:
I am a professional editor from International Trade Community,
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http://www.xpshou.com/ contain a great deal of information about
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welcome to visit!
Click Here for more information
It has been about 50 years ago, the semiconductor material can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diode produced in 1960. LED is the English light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is a piece of electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a wire rack, and then sealed with epoxy resin around, protect the internal core wire effect, so LED's seismic performance.
 ÂÂ
The core part of the light-emitting diode is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor chip formed in the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor there was a transition between, known as the pn junction. In some semiconductor materials, PN junction, the injection of minority carrier and majority carrier recombination extra time to time to the form of light energy released, which convert light energy directly into electrical energy. PN junction reverse voltage, minority carrier injection is difficult, it is not light. This use of principle of injection electroluminescence diodes called LEDs produced, known as LED. When it is in working condition when the positive (that ends with a positive voltage), current flows from the cathode LED anode, the semiconductor crystal on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors of light intensity and current.
2, LED light source characteristics
1. Voltage: LED using low-voltage power supply, power supply voltage between 6-24V, vary according to product, so it is more secure than using high voltage power supply, especially for public places.
2. Effectiveness: consumption of energy efficient than incandescent light with 80% reduction
3. Applicability: small, small piece of each LED unit is 3-5mm square, it can be fabricated into various shapes of the devices, and volatile environment for
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, the light fades to 50% of the initial
5. Response time: the incandescent millisecond response time, LED lights nanosecond response time
6. On the environmental pollution: no harmful metal mercury
7. Color: you can change the current color, light-emitting diodes by chemical modification methods to easily adjust the material band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color light orange red Huanglv Lan. Such as the small current when the red LED, with the current increase, can turn into orange, yellow, and finally to green
8. Price: LED's are expensive, compared to incandescent lamps, a few LED's price on the price with an incandescent lamp rather, each signal usually require from the previous 300 to 500 diodes.
3, monochromatic LED types and history
The first application of principles of semiconductor PN junction light-emitting LED light source made of 60 came in the early 20th century. The material is then used GaAsP, hair red ( p = 650nm), the drive current of 20 mA, the luminous flux of only a few lumens per thousand, the corresponding luminous efficiency of about 0.1 lumens / watt.
Mid-70s, the introduction of elements of In and N, to generate green LED ( p = 555nm), yellow ( p = 590nm) and orange ( p = 610nm), optical efficiency is also increased to 1 lumen / watt.
To the early 80s, appeared in the LED light source GaAlAs make the red LED light efficiency of 10 lumens / watt.
The early 90s, hair, red and yellow of GaAlInP and hair green, blue GaInN developed two new materials to make LED light effect was greatly improved. In 2000, the former is made of LED in red and orange zone ( p = 615nm) light efficiency to 100 lm / W, which made the green LED in the region ( p = 530nm) light efficiency can reach 50 lm / watts.
Fourth, the application of monochromatic LED
Initially used as instruments of instruction LED light source, then all kinds of light-colored LED in traffic lights and large screens in the widely used and produced good economic and social benefits. To 12-inch red traffic lights, for example, could have been used in the United States long life, low-light 140-watt incandescent effective as the light source, it produces 2000 Lumens of white. The red filter, the optical loss of 90%, only 200 lumens of red light. In light of the new design, Lumileds has used a red LED light source 18, including circuit losses, including a total power of 14 watts of light can produce the same effect.
Automotive LED lights are also important areas of light application. In 1987, China began to install high car brake lights, LED response as fast (nanosecond), can be as early as possible so that the trailing vehicle drivers know that driving performance and reducing rear-end accident.
In addition, LED lights at the outdoor red, green, blue full-color display, mini flashlight key chain have been the areas of application.
Fifth, the development of white LED
ÂÂ
For general lighting, the white light that people need. 1998 white light LED developed. This is the GaN LED chip and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) made package together. GaN chip of blue ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of YAG phosphor containing Ce3 + excited by this blue light after the yellow emission peak 550nm. Blue LED substrate installed in the reflective cavity bowl, cover with a mixture of YAG thin layer of resin, about 200-500nm. Issued blue LED substrate partially phosphor absorbed, and some blue mixed with yellow phosphor issued, can be too white. Now, for the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition and adjust the thickness of the phosphor layer, available colors and color temperature 3500-10000K white.
about author:
I am a professional editor from International Trade Community,
and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.xpshou.com/ contain a great deal of information about
ribbon dog collars , live koi fish
welcome to visit!
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
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