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วันอังคารที่ 26 กุมภาพันธ์ พ.ศ. 2556
Cutting Corners: The Impact of Human Factors on Health and Safety in the Workplace
Severe Autism Safety Awareness and Tips
Severe Autism Safety Awareness and Tips
Chrysler Safety - 60 Minutes Seatback Failure Report - Part 1
Chrysler Safety - 60 Minutes Seatback Failure Report - Part 1
Workplace Safety #2: "Talk the Walk"
'Life Is For Living' - Funny Workplace Accidents Film
Safe Chainsaw Use -- Notching and Backcutting (Preview)
Safe Chainsaw Use -- Notching and Backcutting (Preview)
Bulletin Board - Online Safety Commercial
Bulletin Board - Online Safety Commercial
WSH Council Safety at work - Think Safety. Work Safely.
PlantWeb Demonstration: Safety Instrumented System
Ergonomics Safety Training Video - Workplace Wellbeing Safetycare Ergonomic Factors
Terminology in Planning - Lockdowns (Ask Safe Havens)
Global Food Safety Standards - Overview and Comparison of HACCP Based Standards
2. Safe & Civil Schools Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports - Introduction Part 2
German Workplace Safety Video
German Workplace Safety Video
A Contractors Guide to Process Safety Management
A Contractors Guide to Process Safety Management
We're on the Spot WWII Industrial Safety Film 1942
We're on the Spot WWII Industrial Safety Film 1942
HSE Trainning http://www.visualiss.com
HSE Trainning http://www.visualiss.com
2 - Lean Behavior-Based Safety Video by ProAct Safety
2 - Lean Behavior-Based Safety Video by ProAct Safety
MPH Degrees via Distance Learning Industrial Hygiene Health & Safety Disaster Management
MPH Degrees via Distance Learning Industrial Hygiene Health & Safety Disaster Management
SRU Success Stories - Anthony Cardamone, Safety Management Major
SRU Success Stories - Anthony Cardamone, Safety Management Major
Safety management 01 (recap)
Safety management 01 (recap)
Speak Up: Take medication safely
ESR Technology - the engineering, safety and risk management experts
Integrated Safety Management System - Promo
Integrated Safety Management System - Promo
With Military Divorces on the Rise, Members of Armed Forces and Their Spouses Must Know Their Legal Rights
There is no doubt, the debt that we owe to America’s men and women who serve in our armed forces is one that we can never fully repay. Such brave soldiers place their lives on the line every day to protect our families and the freedoms that we hold dear as Americans. In our great state of Texas, we are host to many military installations, including Fort Bliss and Fort Hood. We know, as is often correctly reported, that the military families who are left behind to tend to life on the home front face just as many challenges as those who are stationed overseas. Moms or dads suddenly become single parents for months at a time. Births and other milestones come and go without a loved one able to participate. The stress of not knowing if your family member in uniform is safe can take quite an emotional toll. When you combine these important factors with the long separations that many military couples must endure, as well as the trauma that a soldier experiences on the battlefield and then brings home to his family, there should be little surprise that divorce among families serving our country is a growing concern.
With ongoing wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, men and women in all branches of our armed forces are being asked to serve long tours that often keep them away from their spouses for a year or more. We are seeing the results of this wartime environment on our military homes. About four percent of enlisted troops in the Army and Marines obtained divorces in the year 2008, which constitutes a 5.4% increase for soldiers and 11% increase for Marines from the previous year. Some veterans groups believe that these statistics do not share the entire story, as they do not include the divorces that occur after couples with already strained marriages leave the service. As with civilian couples, there are a number of situations in which divorce is inevitable. Instances of abuse, infidelity, or other serious betrayals of wedding vows are unfortunately going to occur regardless of the current state of global politics. However, certainly some relationships would not be ending without the enormous impact placed on the marriage by war.
Our military is taking notice of the growing number of divorces within its ranks and is taking steps to protect the marriages of its active members. There are a variety of programs now being offered through the chaplains, mental health counseling networks, support groups for spouses of deployed troops and simply the amazing community that exists among service families. Being the largest branch, the Army naturally has the most comprehensive program for strengthening marriages. The primary component of the counseling offered is appropriately named “Strong Bonds.” This training is offered mostly as a retreat, which allows couples to focus on reconnecting with one another following a deployment so that they are better equipped to deal with all of the other challenges that life after serving abroad will bring. Participation in Strong Bonds has doubled every year since it began in 2003, with now more than 60,000 couples having taken part in the counseling. My hope is that programs such as this one will be successful in making the need for the divorce attorneys at my law firm to decline.
If a couple decides that the time has come to file for divorce, there are certain laws and requirements unique to military divorce of which both parties should be aware. Most importantly, during this time of war, participants should know that there are specific laws in place that protect active duty members of the military from being held in “default” for failing to respond to divorce papers. The Soldiers and Sailors Civil Relief Act, 50 UCS section 521, at the discretion of the appropriate Texas court, can postpone divorce proceedings for the entire time that an active service member is on duty and for sixty days after he or she returns home. However, if the service member wants the divorce, this waiting period can be waived and the legal process can move forward. It is important that our men and women who are on the front lines of battle do not have to deal with the consuming issues that are usually involved with divorce proceedings at the same time.
There is also protection under federal law for the partner in the marriage who is not a member of the armed services. When it comes to the key piece of legislation known as the Uniformed Services Former Spouse Protection Act, the number “20” is one you need to remember. In order to receive continued benefits from the military, a former spouse must show that the service member served at least twenty years, that the marriage lasted at least twenty years and that the marriage overlapped the service by at least twenty years. If all three pieces of this numerical puzzle fit together, the estranged husband or wife is designated as a 20/20/20 former spouse and is entitled to full commissary, exchange and health care benefits.
Of course, there are concerns for a former spouse beyond going to the doctor and being able to buy eggs on base. When it comes to dividing shared property that accrued during the marriage, the same rules will apply in Texas as those that are used in civilian divorces. Concerning the delicate issue of spousal and child support, Texas law states that no more than 60% of a service member’s pay and allowances can be used for such purposes. Other than that restriction, civilian laws concerning support calculations will apply in Texas.
When an unhappy wife complains to a girlfriend about the state of her marriage, the common response is “Get a good lawyer!” This advice, though sometimes flippant in the face of serious problems, holds even more true when one of those involved in an upcoming divorce is a member of the military. There are specific guidelines and exceptions that must be followed when the United States Armed Forces is a third participant in the proceedings. If you have reached the point in your marriage at which divorce is the only remaining option, make sure you are an educated client when you enter an attorney’s office. And, verify that the attorney has experience dealing with the specifics found in military divorce. Knowing that your rights and interests are protected will at least provide some peace of mind during what is otherwise a difficult and emotional time. http://www.belolaw.com
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Does The Place You Live Affects Your Wellness?
During the course of your growing up years, you lived wherever your parents chose to live. You didn’t give any thought to the health implications of the location your parents chose, or if they had chosen a place that was conducive to your overall wellness. Chances are your parents didn’t give it much thought either. Not until recently, has there ever been given any thought to the fact that where you live affects your health and wellness. But it does, and it’s a piece of information that is sure to influence many generations to come.
So how is this information compiled, and what can we learn from it? The information is compiled based on statistical information from areas such as smog levels, pollution levels, water quality, government based fitness incentives, and recreational and fitness facilities available. Generally, one of the major magazines published in the United States, will compile all this statistical data, and publish an article as a recreational guide to healthy cities.
What do we learn from all this published information? That where we live really does affect our health and well-being, and sometimes, there’s very little we can do about changing that fact. Unless, of course, you want to move.
Often, the greatest contributor to our health and wellness, via our outside environment, is the level of pollution we’re forced to live with on a daily basis. How do we absorb pollutants in our outside environment? The most common way is through the air we breathe. It is not the only way, however. The water we drink, the homes we live in, and the cars we drive, all have the potential for unhealthy contaminants.
Our work environment at one time was a contributor to the pollutants we were exposed to, but thanks to greater Environmental Protection regulation, most of those dangers have been eradicated.
Past the pollutants contribution, the availability of health facilities, the amount of government support for health and fitness, and the availability of medical faculties also affects our health and wellness from a location standpoint. If you live in a rural area with no direct access to health facilities, and there is no medical facility, your level of overall health will not compare to that of a person who lives in a more populated area that can offer those things. The down side to the more populated area, of course, is a greater risk of air pollution.
Some areas of this country are just fitness conducive. Places where the air is still free from pollutants, there is an availability of hiking, biking, and walking trails, and the medical and fitness facilities are numerous. The problem with most of those places, however is that they are usually recreational based, not manufacturing or otherwise industrialized, and jobs are not that numerous.
What can you do about your own fitness concerns, in relation to where you live? Make the most of where you are. Educate yourself about the greatest fitness problems in your area, and do what you can to make corrections for your own fitness benefit.
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The Advantages Of Contact Lenses Over Glasses
Contact lenses are optical medical devices, just as spectacles are, and often provide cosmetic and optical advantages over them. The more than 35 million people in the United States who have opted for contact lenses over the use of glasses have done so because of their convenience, and cosmetic value. Many people initially feel discomfort when starting to use contact lenses, but the benefits of using them far outweigh these minor discomforts.
The Short History Of Spectacles
The invention of spectacles has greatly influenced progress in the arts and sciences, yet it is not very clear who invented this instrument. In 1270, Marco Polo saw elderly Chinese using this device, which they claim to have originated in Arabia in the 11th century.
The spectacles evolved in the western world from the late 1200s onwards, with riveted spectacles used by monks and scholars, who held the lenses in front of there eyes, or balanced them on their noses. The invention of the printing press in 1452 encouraged the mass production of spectacles, along with the growing popularity of books. For the lower and middle classes, there were spectacles mounted in wood, horn, bone, etc, whereas the upper classes used hand held spectacles in gold or silver frames.
The significant advancement in frame design occurred in the 1600s, with rigid bridges that allowed the spectacles to remain in place. In the present times, there has been a tremendous progress in frames and lens acuity, with the spectacles, whether plain or prescription, becoming a fashion statement.
The Short History Of Contact Lenses
If you are of the view that contact lenses are a new invention, you are way off the mark. Leonardo Da Vinci first described and sketched his ideas of contact lenses way back in 1508! However, it took more than 300 years to fabricate and wear them.
Swiss physician A.E. Fick and Paris optician Edouard Kalt are credited with fitting the first contact lenses, in the late 1800s, for myopia and hyperopia. These heavy glass lenses could be used for a few hours of wear only.
Plastic came into use in 1936, when William Feinbloom, an optometrist in New York, made contact lenses with the central portion of glass surrounded by plastic in the periphery that covered the sclera. 1948 saw a Californian optometrist, Kevin Tuohy produce contact lenses completely made of plastic.
The same year, George Butterfield, an optometrist from Oregon, improved upon Kevin Tuohy's design with lenses that matched the shape of the cornea, and would not easily pop off. These lenses have evolved to the present soft contact lenses, which are worn by more than 90% of the contact lens wearers in the United States.
Contact Lenses vs. Glasses
Contact lenses offer functional advantages over glasses in areas, such as sports, work – in humid environment, and in occupations where spectacles are inconvenient and not compatible with the equipment used, such as special headgears. Let us look at some of the advantages that contact lenses offer over glasses:
Natural Vision - As they are worn right on the cornea of the eye, contact lenses provide vision that is more natural. The objects appear in the correct size and position, without any distortion. The distance between the eye and the glasses can vary, causing the objects to appear larger or smaller than they actually are.
Stable Vision – Contact lenses are not affected by quick body movements, such as in sports and similar activities, and remain in place, providing clear and stable vision. Eyeglasses are unstable on your face when running, making your vision unstable, affecting your performance.
Peripheral Vision – Contacts give you a wider and better peripheral vision that glasses. Contact lenses move along with your eyes and you are always looking through the clearest part of the lens – the optic zone. On the other hand, the frames of the glasses block your peripheral vision, and when you move your eyes to the side, you are no longer looking through the optical center, causing blurred and distorted vision.
Unaffected By Weather – Contact lenses do not fog up when you come in from the cold, and neither do they get splattered by rain. In addition, they do not steam up from body heat or perspiration.
Comfortable – Contact lenses are quite comfortable to wear as they do not pinch your nose, or rub or press against your ears and temple, unlike glasses, which, in addition, slide down your nose when you perspire.
Contact lenses have been a boon for children in one particular sense. They do not get picked on at school by their friends. This relieves them from the psychological and physical traumas related to wearing glasses.
Glasses, at times do not work, and contact lenses are certainly superior to them:
Thick glasses are required in cases of severe short sightedness, making them very heavy, and your eyes look very small.
Glasses do not provide adequate correction when the difference between the visual acuity of your eyes is more than 2.5 diopters - a unit of measurement of the refractive power of lenses.
After cataract removal, your eyes need a special protection, which only contact lenses can provide adequately.
With improvements in technology, a wide variety of contact lenses are available, both for ophthalmic, as well as cosmetic uses. People who normally wear glasses can easily and safely shift to wearing contact lenses. People had many misgivings about using contact lenses, and opted for glasses, but these are no longer hold true.
There was a time when contact lenses used to pop out, and this was during the time when contact lenses were hard lenses. Today, there is no 'popping' out with the introduction of soft contact lenses. These soft contact lenses conform to the shape of the eye, and do not move or pop out.
Another myth of contact lenses being expensive is not correct. These are less expensive than many of the designer frames that are available today.
Follow the instructions of the manufacturers to take care of your contact lenses, to enable them to provide you with clear and healthy vision.
Michael Wright is a virtual authority on contact lenses. He also writes articles about color contact lenses and toric contact lenses.
Video Source: Youtube
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Protecting the Desert Tortoise
Protecting the Desert Tortoise
LED lights and light theory
1, LED light emitting structure and principle
It has been about 50 years ago, the semiconductor material can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diode produced in 1960. LED is the English light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is a piece of electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a wire rack, and then sealed with epoxy resin around, protect the internal core wire effect, so LED's seismic performance.
 ÂÂ
The core part of the light-emitting diode is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor chip formed in the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor there was a transition between, known as the pn junction. In some semiconductor materials, PN junction, the injection of minority carrier and majority carrier recombination extra time to time to the form of light energy released, which convert light energy directly into electrical energy. PN junction reverse voltage, minority carrier injection is difficult, it is not light. This use of principle of injection electroluminescence diodes called LEDs produced, known as LED. When it is in working condition when the positive (that ends with a positive voltage), current flows from the cathode LED anode, the semiconductor crystal on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors of light intensity and current.
2, LED light source characteristics
1. Voltage: LED using low-voltage power supply, power supply voltage between 6-24V, vary according to product, so it is more secure than using high voltage power supply, especially for public places.
2. Effectiveness: consumption of energy efficient than incandescent light with 80% reduction
3. Applicability: small, small piece of each LED unit is 3-5mm square, it can be fabricated into various shapes of the devices, and volatile environment for
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, the light fades to 50% of the initial
5. Response time: the incandescent millisecond response time, LED lights nanosecond response time
6. On the environmental pollution: no harmful metal mercury
7. Color: you can change the current color, light-emitting diodes by chemical modification methods to easily adjust the material band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color light orange red Huanglv Lan. Such as the small current when the red LED, with the current increase, can turn into orange, yellow, and finally to green
8. Price: LED's are expensive, compared to incandescent lamps, a few LED's price on the price with an incandescent lamp rather, each signal usually require from the previous 300 to 500 diodes.
3, monochromatic LED types and history
The first application of principles of semiconductor PN junction light-emitting LED light source made of 60 came in the early 20th century. The material is then used GaAsP, hair red ( p = 650nm), the drive current of 20 mA, the luminous flux of only a few lumens per thousand, the corresponding luminous efficiency of about 0.1 lumens / watt.
Mid-70s, the introduction of elements of In and N, to generate green LED ( p = 555nm), yellow ( p = 590nm) and orange ( p = 610nm), optical efficiency is also increased to 1 lumen / watt.
To the early 80s, appeared in the LED light source GaAlAs make the red LED light efficiency of 10 lumens / watt.
The early 90s, hair, red and yellow of GaAlInP and hair green, blue GaInN developed two new materials to make LED light effect was greatly improved. In 2000, the former is made of LED in red and orange zone ( p = 615nm) light efficiency to 100 lm / W, which made the green LED in the region ( p = 530nm) light efficiency can reach 50 lm / watts.
Fourth, the application of monochromatic LED
Initially used as instruments of instruction LED light source, then all kinds of light-colored LED in traffic lights and large screens in the widely used and produced good economic and social benefits. To 12-inch red traffic lights, for example, could have been used in the United States long life, low-light 140-watt incandescent effective as the light source, it produces 2000 Lumens of white. The red filter, the optical loss of 90%, only 200 lumens of red light. In light of the new design, Lumileds has used a red LED light source 18, including circuit losses, including a total power of 14 watts of light can produce the same effect.
Automotive LED lights are also important areas of light application. In 1987, China began to install high car brake lights, LED response as fast (nanosecond), can be as early as possible so that the trailing vehicle drivers know that driving performance and reducing rear-end accident.
In addition, LED lights at the outdoor red, green, blue full-color display, mini flashlight key chain have been the areas of application.
Fifth, the development of white LED
ÂÂ
For general lighting, the white light that people need. 1998 white light LED developed. This is the GaN LED chip and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) made package together. GaN chip of blue ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of YAG phosphor containing Ce3 + excited by this blue light after the yellow emission peak 550nm. Blue LED substrate installed in the reflective cavity bowl, cover with a mixture of YAG thin layer of resin, about 200-500nm. Issued blue LED substrate partially phosphor absorbed, and some blue mixed with yellow phosphor issued, can be too white. Now, for the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition and adjust the thickness of the phosphor layer, available colors and color temperature 3500-10000K white.
about author:
I am a professional editor from International Trade Community,
and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.xpshou.com/ contain a great deal of information about
ribbon dog collars , live koi fish
welcome to visit!
Click Here for more information
It has been about 50 years ago, the semiconductor material can produce light of the basic knowledge, the first commercial diode produced in 1960. LED is the English light emitting diode (LED) acronym, and its basic structure is a piece of electroluminescent semiconductor materials, placed on a wire rack, and then sealed with epoxy resin around, protect the internal core wire effect, so LED's seismic performance.
 ÂÂ
The core part of the light-emitting diode is a p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor chip formed in the p-type semiconductor and n-type semiconductor there was a transition between, known as the pn junction. In some semiconductor materials, PN junction, the injection of minority carrier and majority carrier recombination extra time to time to the form of light energy released, which convert light energy directly into electrical energy. PN junction reverse voltage, minority carrier injection is difficult, it is not light. This use of principle of injection electroluminescence diodes called LEDs produced, known as LED. When it is in working condition when the positive (that ends with a positive voltage), current flows from the cathode LED anode, the semiconductor crystal on the issue from the ultraviolet to infrared light of different colors of light intensity and current.
2, LED light source characteristics
1. Voltage: LED using low-voltage power supply, power supply voltage between 6-24V, vary according to product, so it is more secure than using high voltage power supply, especially for public places.
2. Effectiveness: consumption of energy efficient than incandescent light with 80% reduction
3. Applicability: small, small piece of each LED unit is 3-5mm square, it can be fabricated into various shapes of the devices, and volatile environment for
4. Stability: 100,000 hours, the light fades to 50% of the initial
5. Response time: the incandescent millisecond response time, LED lights nanosecond response time
6. On the environmental pollution: no harmful metal mercury
7. Color: you can change the current color, light-emitting diodes by chemical modification methods to easily adjust the material band structure and band gap, to achieve multi-color light orange red Huanglv Lan. Such as the small current when the red LED, with the current increase, can turn into orange, yellow, and finally to green
8. Price: LED's are expensive, compared to incandescent lamps, a few LED's price on the price with an incandescent lamp rather, each signal usually require from the previous 300 to 500 diodes.
3, monochromatic LED types and history
The first application of principles of semiconductor PN junction light-emitting LED light source made of 60 came in the early 20th century. The material is then used GaAsP, hair red ( p = 650nm), the drive current of 20 mA, the luminous flux of only a few lumens per thousand, the corresponding luminous efficiency of about 0.1 lumens / watt.
Mid-70s, the introduction of elements of In and N, to generate green LED ( p = 555nm), yellow ( p = 590nm) and orange ( p = 610nm), optical efficiency is also increased to 1 lumen / watt.
To the early 80s, appeared in the LED light source GaAlAs make the red LED light efficiency of 10 lumens / watt.
The early 90s, hair, red and yellow of GaAlInP and hair green, blue GaInN developed two new materials to make LED light effect was greatly improved. In 2000, the former is made of LED in red and orange zone ( p = 615nm) light efficiency to 100 lm / W, which made the green LED in the region ( p = 530nm) light efficiency can reach 50 lm / watts.
Fourth, the application of monochromatic LED
Initially used as instruments of instruction LED light source, then all kinds of light-colored LED in traffic lights and large screens in the widely used and produced good economic and social benefits. To 12-inch red traffic lights, for example, could have been used in the United States long life, low-light 140-watt incandescent effective as the light source, it produces 2000 Lumens of white. The red filter, the optical loss of 90%, only 200 lumens of red light. In light of the new design, Lumileds has used a red LED light source 18, including circuit losses, including a total power of 14 watts of light can produce the same effect.
Automotive LED lights are also important areas of light application. In 1987, China began to install high car brake lights, LED response as fast (nanosecond), can be as early as possible so that the trailing vehicle drivers know that driving performance and reducing rear-end accident.
In addition, LED lights at the outdoor red, green, blue full-color display, mini flashlight key chain have been the areas of application.
Fifth, the development of white LED
ÂÂ
For general lighting, the white light that people need. 1998 white light LED developed. This is the GaN LED chip and yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) made package together. GaN chip of blue ( p = 465nm, Wd = 30nm), made of high-temperature sintering of YAG phosphor containing Ce3 + excited by this blue light after the yellow emission peak 550nm. Blue LED substrate installed in the reflective cavity bowl, cover with a mixture of YAG thin layer of resin, about 200-500nm. Issued blue LED substrate partially phosphor absorbed, and some blue mixed with yellow phosphor issued, can be too white. Now, for the InGaN / YAG white LED, YAG phosphor by changing the chemical composition and adjust the thickness of the phosphor layer, available colors and color temperature 3500-10000K white.
about author:
I am a professional editor from International Trade Community,
and my work is to promote a free online trade platform.
http://www.xpshou.com/ contain a great deal of information about
ribbon dog collars , live koi fish
welcome to visit!
You can find additional info at the following links:
Click Here for more informationClick Here for more information
Wizard
Governments Offer Light Bulb Grants for Changing Over to New Technology
Have all the changes in light bulb technology left you in the dark? Never fear, because governments around the world are working hard to provide not only information, but money. Financial assistance in the forms of grants and tax incentives provide homeow... Read >Important Facts on Light Bulbs and Health
Light bulbs and health have been spoken about together in recent years, due to findings that the new energy saving bulbs in fact contain mercury dust, which can be deadly if improperly handled (as in all fluorescent bulbs), and due to UV radiation concern... Read >
Light Bulb Research
The incandescent light bulb has many different purposes that can all be summed up to one simple use: They provide light. Such a simple idea has brought convenience and reliability to people all around the world for over 300 years. It is considered one of ... Read >
Light Bulb Recycling Services
While more and more people are making the switch from regular incandescent light bulbs to more environmentally friendly compact fluorescent light bulbs, many consumers fail to realize the serious environmental consequences of not disposing of these new li... Read >The Science Behind Light Bulbs
More than twenty scientists are known to have individually spearheaded projects toward invention of a working light bulb from the early 1800's through Thomas Alva Edison's success of the late 1870's. Sir Humphry Davy, William Robert Grove, Frederik de Mol... Read >Light Bulbs and Safety
Despite the many jokes associated with light bulbs, they are no laughing matter. When handling and changing light bulbs, care should be taken to avoid doing any harm to your home, your self, and the environment. Avoiding Electrocution when Changing a L... Read >Outdoor Light Bulbs and Their Uses
Uses for Outdoor Light Bulbs Outdoor lighting is essential to property owners for many different types of uses. Planning is required to achieve the best lighting effect. If properly installed, outdoor lighting can transform ordinary items such as any s... Read >Light Bulb Deals
The internet has revolutionized almost every aspect of modern life. People now have instant access to news, financial information, communications, and even shopping. Online shopping buzzesall the time from eBay, Amazon, big box stores and internet powerho... Read >Indoor Flood Light Bulbs
When it comes to any type of indoor flood light bulbs, what comes to ones mind are cost efficiency and handiness. That is why a lot of homes in the US use indoor flood light bulbs in their household as much as possible. Thanks to scientific development, i... Read >Energy Saving Light Bulbs
Despite the fact that energy efficient light bulbs have been on the market for decades, it was not until recently that they caught the imagination of the general public. Due to a combination of an increased concern over global warming trends and other env... Read >Light Bulbs for Senior Citizens
Seeing the Light: Why Lighting Is Important for Senior Citizens As people age, they consider home improvements that will make their living spaces both safer and more enjoyable. Some senior citizens choose to downgrade to a smaller and easy-to-manage ho... Read >Shatterproof Light Bulbs
Light bulbs come in two different technologies: incandescent and fluorescent. Both types of bulbs are vulnerable to shattering. Incandescent light bulbs Incandescent light bulbs provide a source of light by a process called incandescence (they emi... Read >You can find additional info at the following links:
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A Case Study of Energy Efficient Business Practices and a Green Datacenter
Interview: Green Initiatives and Energy Conservation in a Modern Atlanta Datacenter
Author: Jeff Hinkle of Global Net Access (GNAX)
The ‘Green Initiative’ is not just a focus at datacenters around the country—it is THE focus, with energy efficiency being the central element from which most conservation strategy stems from. Power needs of the modern datacenter are ever-increasing as is the skyrocketing cost of energy, so finding ways to cut operating costs becomes an obvious priority. The environmental aspects of improving energy efficiency started out as a welcome, but secondary, benefit after the priority of reducing datacenter overhead.
The mounting tidal wave of research regarding the impact of carbon-based fuels on the environment and our climate has consumers very aware and concerned about our planet’s limited resources and reducing the ‘carbon footprint’. The green benefits of energy conservation are no longer a secondary consideration for server and colocation datacenters. Businesses are now waking up to the importance of aligning themselves with their consumer market through an image of environmental responsibility. In addition, datacenter managers and owners themselves have become concerned consumers and bring their own motivations to the workplace for improving datacenter energy efficiency and green practices.
An Atlanta Datacenter gets Green
Established in 1994, our Atlanta data center Global Net Access (GNAX) has been incorporating energy recycling and other green practices from the day of ground breaking on the 65,000 square foot facility. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and Energy Star have teamed to develop high standards of energy efficiency for modern datacenters and the server technology they employ. Starting in January 2009, Energy Star began the data collection process for developing an Energy Star Rating for data centers. With the many green initiatives GNAX has implemented, and with more in the works, we’re confident that our main Atlanta colocation hub, as well as our satellite Dallas datacenter, will pass their rating standards with flying colors. Read on for details about the creative energy recycling systems GNAX has put into practice, as well as our further green initiatives for the coming year.
Current Energy Efficiency Strategies Deliver Big Results
With a 2000 server datacenter utilizing 8 mega watts of power and two tons of cooling, GNAX puts energy efficiency at the top of its list of priorities. Our team works on ways to get the most for the energy dollar, while keeping server performance at peak.
Creative Heat Recycling Applications
The Offices
When the Atlanta datacenter building was first constructed, GNAX included heat pumps from the onset to funnel BTUS from our server cooling towers directly to the company offices for heating. From day one we have never had an additional heating bill; that’s a 100% energy savings for the GNAX offices!
This extraction of heat from the dedicated server cooling towers results in greater efficiency of server operation, and a decrease in energy waste.
The Generator Room
GNAX has created an innovative, energy efficient system for heating the diesel generators that must be kept warmed up and ready to start immediately in case of a power outage. Block heaters use warm water to keep the generators warmed up and ready for action. A facilities audit resulted in recommendations for additional auxiliary heat in the Atlanta datacenter generator room, since this area must always be open via louvers to the outside air, even in deepest winter.
The GNAX solution was to put a dry cooler fan to unique use (normally mounted on datacenter roofs) by mounting it sideways in the generator room. Venting was set up to funnel excess BTUs from the server cooling towers through this dry cooler system to the generator room, effectively raising the temperature without use of any natural gas or heating oil The only additional energy use is the small amount of electricity to generate fan motor output. As seen in the office heating system, GNAX heat recycling once more results in a nearly 100% energy savings for the generator room.
Again, the cooling towers now run cooler and more efficiently due to the funneling of excess heat away from the datacenter servers. Research and functional testing has shown repeatedly that running servers at less than 80% of capacity results in substantial energy savings and significant increase in the life of the equipment. Heat funneling and recycling from the datacenter to the offices and generator room keeps GNAX servers running beautifully at less than 70% of full capacity.
Data Backup Safety: GNAX tests generators comprehensively every two weeks with a full switch over of the complete datacenter server load to the diesel generator system and off the AC power, which is rarely done by other server hosting companies. This virtually ensures the safety of the emergency data backup system in case of power outage.
Datacenter Cooling System Delivers Significant Energy Cost Savings
The current roof fan system that has been installed in the main datacenter consists of six fan intakes drawing air from the outside, which is then drawn through the data center and out of the facility via one large outtake fan. Currently this is an on/off system with our Atlanta datacenter staff monitoring inside temperature via the main service panel and turning fans on or off according to these readings.
Our preliminary measurements show a substantial A/C cooling energy savings of 6%, translating to serious dollar savings as well. Server cooling is a large expense for all datacenters and any savings in this realm is always welcome; a 6% decrease in energy costs is by no means small.
Upcoming 2009 Initiatives for the Datacenter Cooling System:
With the great energy saving results seen so far with this first incarnation of the cooling system, we knew that even greater energy efficiency was very achievable. For this next phase of our green initiative, we expect to see at least a 10% energy savings—good both for Mother Earth and the GNAX wallet.
Computer-Optimized Datacenter Cooling
The GNAX plan is for the cooling system to be computer-optimized through the company’s existing automated building systems. The system will monitor for when the differential between inside and outside air reaches 10 degrees and then will start up the fan cooling system. This system will optimize usage for as much time of the day as possible and will take advantage of the cool night air, even when staff is not here to physically start up the system.
‘Hot Aisle’ Enclosure
The second part of the enhanced energy conservation plan is to enclose the ‘hot’ aisles of the datacenter, where server heat raises temperatures to around 110F˚. A vent system will be constructed to directly funnel this very hot air to the system’s outtake fan. This will result in two benefits:
1. This excess heat is removed from contact with other datacenter equipment so that their operating efficiency is not affected.
2. This heated air causes an artificial differential between inside and outside air so that the new computer-optimized cooling system will kick in even if the outside air is around 85 or 90 degrees. It is still more cost-efficient to cool 90 degree air than 100 degree air.
The Hinkle Benchmark: Making the Case for Newer more Efficient Servers
As President of our growing Atlanta dedicated server and colocation datacenter, it became very apparent to me that a clear, workable measure was needed in order to demonstrate, to clients and colleagues, the real energy savings gained from implementing newer, more efficient server technology. It had long been apparent to the core GNAX team that server consolidation and the retirement of outdated equipment would result in serious cost savings, as well as making better use of the Earth’s limited energy resources. The question was how to illustrate those energy savings in a clear and easily quantifiable manner.
The answer came with a mathematical tool I created which we dubbed the Hinkle Benchmark. This energy efficiency formula allows GNAX to illustrate and justify consolidation of servers and retirement of outdated technology to the computer recycling facility. The newest server equipment is highly energy efficient, lasts longer, and saves our clients substantial money. Energy cost savings begin evidencing rather quickly; clients don’t necessarily have to wait for ‘long term’ savings effects.
The datacenter efficiency is calculated by adding all ‘chip points’ for every microchip in use for each server in the center. This number is then divided by the total number of servers in use. The resulting number indicates relative use of power as compared to the total delivery of computational power. Dedicated server and colocation clients should look at a provider’s Hinkle Benchmark and choose a data center committed to improving energy efficiency. This equation also allows GNAX to evidence to clients the need to upgrade their server equipment.
Green Initiatives beyond Energy Conservation
While increasing the datacenter’s energy efficiency is of the highest priority, GNAX is also committed to other datacenter green initiatives that decrease our company’s impact on Earth’s resources and fragile ecosystems. Our company is full of conservation-minded individuals who bring their green ideas to the GNAX table. We’ve worked to reduce our carbon footprint and to recycle at every opportunity.
Global Access Network (GNAX) uses no natural gas or heating oil in datacenter operations.
This is just sound business practice and something most of us believe in as citizens of the planet.
We recycle every scrap of cardboard. A local community member in need of the income picks up cardboard and transports it to the Atlanta or Dallas recycling station. We recycle all scrap metals, mostly steel and copper. All old server equipment is picked up by a local area computer recycling company. GNAX has eliminated packing materials that are unnecessary by requesting that vendors ship new equipment in bulk packaging whenever possible. The Gaylord boxes we use allow us to receive up to 20 servers in a single box on one pallet with no extra packing material inside. This practice has cut our packaging waste by nearly two thirds!
Well Water on Site: Self Sustained Cooling and Zero Stress on City Water Resources
GNAX has its own well dug on the property for cooling our server equipment. We are not dependent on the town and put no strain on city resources. In case of any local or national disaster, we have our own power and water resources, ensuring the total safety of our clients’ data.
No Trees were Harmed in the Making of this Datacenter
It goes without saying that our datacenter is virtually paperless in operation and, whenever possible, communications happen electronically rather than via paper-based mail or fax systems.
Our Atlanta datacenter is made almost completely of concrete, even the floor tiles, and almost nothing burns. Very little wood of any kind has been used in the facility. GNAX uses water based sprinkler systems and fire extinguishers that do no harm to human beings or the surrounding environment.
Closing Thoughts
The green initiatives our modern datacenter has put in place are already yielding excellent savings in the energy realm and with the plans we have for 2009, the GNAX team is excited to see just how far we can take this efficiency challenge. This is the present reality of responsible data center management and the industry’s premier research organization, the Uptime Institute, has entitled their upcoming 4th Annual Research Symposium: Lean, Clean, & Green. We’ll be there April 13 to 16 in New York City and are looking forward to meeting our colleagues and learning more ways of keeping it green in our datacenter world.
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