Air-Conditioning Industry Chain Development Trend of Global

In 2007 the world economy has maintained solid growth. Some of the major developing countries have also continued stronger growth momentum. For example, China's GDP growth rate of 11.5%. China, Brazil, Russia, and India's economic growth contributed to the entire world economy forward. 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and 2010 Shanghai World Expo and other activities to stimulate the demand for air conditioning and refrigeration products is rising rapidly. Accordingly, an integral part of the air-conditioning industry - compressors also gone through another growth year.



2007 World HVAC total market value of about 100 billion U.S. dollars, half of which is the air-conditioning products, and the remaining half of refrigeration products. In 2007 the world's air conditioner market in total sales for the 74 million units, compared with 70 million units in 2006, an increase of 5.1%.



China first in the world occupy the air-conditioning sales, the market scale reached 23.2 million units. In 2007, including the brand around the world, including about 30 million air conditioners from China's exports, compared with 2006, an increase of 13.5%. Chinese production of air conditioners accounted for the entire world air conditioning market, 72%. China is not only in aircraft products, the biggest supplier of the key components.



China's current production of rotary compressor is about 80 million units, and every year is growing. China's motor, heat exchangers, controllers and plastic production is also walking in the world.



In the United States in 2007 sold 780 million units of air-conditioning, of which 710 million is a room air conditioner (almost all of the room air-conditioners are wall-style), 70 million units is a cabinet air conditioner, while the window-type air conditioner The number accounts for only 2%. Most of the heat pump is a variable frequency drive, and all the room air-conditioners and most of the cabinet air conditioner uses R410A refrigerant.



Europe's sales growth in air-conditioning made great contributions. Sold in Europe in 2007 a total of 8.4 million air-conditioning units, compared with 2006, an increase of 13.5%. Russia's air-conditioning sales in 2007 increased by 27.1%, increase is the highest in Europe.



In addition to China and Japan, other Asian countries the growth in sales of air conditioning has also played an important role. In 2007 sold the air-conditioning in these countries there are 9.7 million units, compared with 2006, an increase of 12.1%.



In 2007, raw materials prices continue to rise sharply, resulting in an increase in production costs. To this end, manufacturers concentrate on looking for ways to reduce consumption of raw materials, to remain competitive.



CO2 System: Compressor Highlights



According to BSRIA / JARN study, in 2007 the total value of the global compressor market of 211 million. Among them, reciprocating compressor market is about 11.9 billion U.S. dollars, rotary compressor market is about 4.9 billion U.S. dollars, scroll compressor market for 3.4 billion U.S. dollars, screw-type compressor market, 700 million U.S. dollars, centrifugal compressor market, about 2 billion U.S. dollars.



Energy-saving and environmental protection are the two main themes of compressor industry. Starting in 2010, HCFCs produced in the United States will not be allowed to use new equipment. This case, the application of environment-friendly refrigerants has been the HVAC and refrigeration industry hot topic. In recent years, the most pressing in this area is to develop the theme of CO2 compressor. CO2 can be used in automotive air-conditioning compressor. Vehicle air-conditioning is cross-Zero CO2 cooling one of the most important fields of application. Japan, U.S. and European research institutes and manufacturers in this regard is very positive. European companies such as Danfoss, and Bock has been developed out of the bus with the CO2 air-conditioning compressor. Japanese companies such as Denso, has begun to small batch production of this product. Shanghai Jiao Tong University in cooperation with some companies, the development of the CO2 car air conditioning compressors.



Heat pump water heater (HPWH) is another application of a CO2 compressor area. One advantage of CO2 heat pump water heater can heat water to 90 degrees Celsius, while the ordinary traditional refrigerant heat pump water heater system in the same cases only the water heated to 55 ?. In addition, CO2 heat pump water heater COP values of up to 4.9.



CO2 heat pump water heaters in Japan, has developed rapidly. Of 2005, including Sanyo, Daikin, Hitachi, Toshiba, Carrier, Melco and Panasonic, including nine Japanese company was jointly developed by ECO CUTE series of CO2 heat pump water heater shipments of 210,000 units. In 2008, shipments will reach 35 million units.



Sanyo CO2 in the rotary compressor R & D done very well. Their products to achieve high efficiency, low noise, low vibration and high tolerance. In addition, these products are two compression mechanisms, and internal medium pressure system, able to withstand high-pressure CO2. Sanyo also speed the commercialization of CO2 compressor for 900W ~ 2200W series of domestic heat pump water heater. Recently, Sanyo 400W and 500W output power, single-speed cooling system and the 500W output power transmission system has also been commercialized. Now, Sanyo is to enhance the safety of its products for use in a variety of devices (such as commercial refrigerators, freezers and vending machines, etc.). Denso, Daikin, Panasonic, Melco and Hitachi have developed their own CO2 compressor for heat pump water heater products.



Dorin has developed the world's first semi-closed pressure reciprocating CO2 compressor. This compressor can be used in HPWH and light, medium-sized commercial refrigeration equipment. Power range from 0.75kW to 15kW motor capable of medium-speed and high-speed mode operation (1450rpm and 2900rpm). Compressors ranging in diameter from 18mm to 34mm.



Refrigerants: HFCs facing a turning point



In recent years, HVAC air conditioning and refrigeration industry, many manufacturers use HFCs refrigerants (R134a/R410A/R407C, etc.). Many air-conditioning with R410A, coolers using R134a, refrigeration equipment using R404A, it seems a foregone conclusion. However, these refrigerants high potential greenhouse effect, while HFCs are not ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Accordingly, the natural working fluid (such as CO2, NH2 and HCs) research and commercial trials are underway. For household air conditioners, the hydrocarbon R600a has been commercialized. Even if the United States from R22 (HCFC) refrigerants HFCs shift the footsteps behind people, but the new products from 2010 prohibiting the use of HCFC's bill has been passed, a lot of air-conditioning manufacturers intent to turn R410A. Some industry insiders believe, R410A in the next few years, dominating the world market, most of the refrigerant Jiangshan. R410A products will use energy-saving costs, environmental protection and energy saving have a great advantage.



Therefore, many European compressor plant proposed the use of CO2 compressors developed and applied to the mobile air-conditioning on. Although CO2 is to promote global warming gas, conventional refrigerants, but the global warming caused by the same amount of CO2 than the global warming caused by the high 1400. Moreover, the air conditioner out of a small amount of CO2 released from power plants and vehicles with a large number of CO2 emissions is negligible in comparison. For small and light systems such as car air-conditioning and mobile air-conditioning is, CO2 system, great development prospects.



But the CO2 system, a major drawback is that they must be under the pressure of a large operation (5 times higher than traditional systems), operating under high pressure caused a certain degree of engineering challenges, and requires use of heavy pipe. However, in recent years, manufacturing processes and other technical advances that have helped to increase the feasibility of application of CO2 systems.



However, in areas of relatively high temperature, CO2 as an air-conditioner refrigerant efficiency is not high. Moreover, due to the need of high strength to withstand pressure, the compressor or chiller systems are cumbersome, the implementation of mobile air-conditioning is also difficult. Two large chemical companies Honeywell and DuPont launched a new low GWP value of HFCs refrigerants (R1234yf) Development. The completion of toxicity testing will take a long time. Despite the development of new refrigerant ultimate success are uncertain, but the car makers are already inclined to use CO2.



Lubricants: alternative technologies by the attention



Since all firms are faced with air-conditioning to reduce costs and improve efficiency of the pressure, the choice of lubricants for the overall efficiency of refrigeration and air-conditioning compressor efficiency is vital, so that vendors feel the need to replace the current use of lubricant. In recent years, the main difficulty is the development of lubricants HFCs and natural refrigerants lubrication unit reliability.



Automobile manufacturers to develop the polyether (PAG) CO2 compressor has become the trend. Japan's Idemitsu Kosan (Idemitsu)'s transformation after the PAG has been applied to the CO2 heat pump water heaters on all of Japan. As a leading manufacturer, Idemitsu is a mature technology provides support for its plant located in Tianjin, China, well-run, the supply of lubricants for many compressor manufacturers.

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How to Choose a Laptop Skin That Protects Your Notebook?

Laptop skin has become of many people's necessities in life and they simply cannot afford to live without one. Not only that it will bring you the sense of being trendy of fashionable, but also it protects your laptop from unintended scratches.

Choosing a laptop skin may cost you some penny if you do not know how to choose. This article will share some tips with you in choosing a laptop skin.

Choose One That Can Be Installed Easily

Forget about those vinyl or laminate that takes you a long time to stick onto your laptop. You would not want to go through so much trouble just to realize it is not the right type of protective sticker for your laptop.

A lot of laptop skins are available and nowadays, most of them are ready made for the purpose of sticking onto your laptop. Some of them comes in thick vinyl and make sure you choose the one that comes with instructions or else, make sure you know how to use it the moment you decide to buy one. Remember, laptop skin can only be used once.

Choose One That Can Be Easily Removed

If you are not a big fan of laptop skin, this does not really matter to you. However, if you are a laptop skin addict, you would not want your laptop skin to stay the same forever.

After all, the reason why you started to have a skin for your laptop was probably because you wanted it to look cool and different. So if you are planning to have your laptop skin changed from time to time, not only that you will need to choose one that can be installed easily but also you will need one that can be removed easily.

Avoid Nasty Adhesive Skins

A lot of notebook owners got themselves into this trap as they did not know what to expect at the first place. A laptop skin that can easily be removed will do a lot of great help but also make sure it is not one that will stick on your laptop forever. This is referred to the nasty adhesive skins.

Have you ever seen the stain that is unremovable when you are trying to remove the sticker? You would not want something like that. If this really happens, grab yourself an eraser and rub of the stain. It will definitely go away.

Choose One That Protects Your Laptop From Ultraviolet (UV)

This is optional and is it believed to be more expensive. Unless you have the budget or are a real big fan, you do not need to go this far.

Get one that protects UV, not only will make your laptop looks good but while you are using your computer under the sun like, sitting on the beach or outside Starbucks Coffee, then you can have a worry free environment for yourself.

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Energy Saving Tips - 6 Home Conservation Ideas - Lighting

Consider these home energy saving tips and conservation ideas and lower your lighting costs and save electricity. According to the U.S department of Energy, the electricity used just for home lighting on average accounts for over 10% of the total household energy used.

With a combination of proper techniques and new lighting technologies, any homeowner can make significant improvements and increase the energy efficiency of their indoor home lighting. The most cost efficient way to reduce the amount of electricity used to light your home is to simply increase and maximize the amount of natural light that enters your home.

The new age of home construction and interior design is maximizing natural lighting by placing heavy focus on spacious living spaces coupled with the right furnishing and the right window treatments. With that said, you don't have to take on an expensive remodel or hire a professional interior designer to get started.

Maximizing natural light coupled with new energy efficient lighting will significantly reduce the cost of lighting in any home. Here are some home energy saving tips and conservation ideas that are sure to reduce your home lighting costs.

Energy Saving Tips And Conservation Ideas For Home Lighting

1: First and foremost, keep your windows as clean and clear as possible. Just cleaning your windows can improve transparency by as much as 20%.

2: When decorating a room, take into consideration the direction of the room. South and west facing rooms receive plenty of natural light. So if you're decorative taste calls for darker colored window treatments, paints and furnishings, consider these rooms first. Use lighter and more transparent colors in east and north facing rooms to further maximize on the limited amount of natural light these rooms receive.

3: In general avoid using dark and heavy curtains and drapes. Instead consider energy saving window treatments such as cellular or honeycomb shades. These treatments actually reduce costly heat loss and heat gain better and there considerably more transparent than dark curtains and drapes.

4: Switch to energy star certified CFL light bulbs. Start with the most used light fixtures through out the house. Bedroom lamps and living room lamps generally make good choices.

5: CFLs are not all the same. They come in different shapes and sizes, some types are designed for certain type of light fixtures. Knowing these differences will maximize the energy efficiency of your home lighting.

6: CFL light bulbs are efficient because there designed to use considerably less electricity (measured in watts) to produce the same amount of light (measured in lumens). When making the switch this must be considered. For example, replace a 60 watt traditional bulb with about a 13 watt CFL bulb.

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Being an E.R. Nurse Could be Hazardous to Your Health

Different steps are being undertaken to address the escalating umber of violence experienced by emergency room staff. Legislations in increasing the penalty for perpetrators are awaiting decision from the Assembly. Various programs and trainings to resolve violence are commencing in hospitals and other health care institutions.

So what else is dangerous about being an emergency nurse?

According to the International Hazard Datasheets on Occupation as released by the International Labour Organization, there are seven main dangers emergency nurses can be exposed to.

1. Emergency room nurses, as part of their responsibilities; cleans, disinfects and sterilize medical equipment. They may be exposed to agents that may damage the skin, mucous membranes and respiratory system.

2. Emergency room nurses can also be exposed to anesthetic gases, drugs and radiation.

3. Emergency room nurses may be injured by shard objects like needles, blades and other similar objects.

4. They may contact with hot surfaces, faulty electrical equipment and may cause skin burns.

5. Sick patients in the emergency room present a risk of infection from body fluids.

6. Emergency room nurses may suffer from musculoskeletal problems and back pains due to handling heavy patients. Continuous work while standing and walking may cause fatigue and leg problems.

7. Emergency room nurses also may suffer from stress and burnout caused by shift and night work and by other psychological and organization factors.

The Emergency Nurses Association recognizes the increasing number of emergency nurses experiencing stress. The emergency care environment can be very stressful and physically and emotionally traumatic for the health care workers and nurses.

ENA recognizes the following contributing factors in the increasing stress levels of emergency room nurses.

1. Critical incidents that can cause strong emotion and may interfere with the ability to perform the duties. Incidents like mass casualties, disasters, unexpected death of a child or co-worker can be attributing factors.

2. Long term demands can also be a stressor. Long work hours, job insecurity, poor communication and an increased potential for a workplace violence fall under this factor.

ENA sees that unresolved issue of stress can result into absenteeism, sleep disorders, burn out, emotional difficulties and health problems.

So how can these repercussions be avoided?

International Labor Organization (ILO) provided several pointers to keep the emergency department safe for the emergency room health workers. Nurses should comply with all safety instructions and conduct periodic inspection of electrical medical equipment. Keeping all passages clearly visible and uncluttered is also another tip. Following appropriate procedures in infection control and handling and disposing sharp objects is necessary.

To resolve the stress emergency nurses are experiencing, ENA supports the development and utilization of critical incident stress management. ENA also supports the use of personal stress management strategies like relaxation, meditation, exercise, group therapy, guided imagery, massage or humor therapy.

ENA also recognizes the impact of workplace violence and the need for a program which would include education, prevention, appropriate security measures, identification of incidents, reporting and protocols.

Emergency nurses have a very rewarding job and at the same a dangerous one. These are all the sacrifices they have to put up the serve the people.

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Human Resources Jobs - All You Need to Know

As the big multinational companies as well as other small ones are focusing on the quality of their employees to meet the cut throat competitions of today, the jobs related to human resource management are also gaining importance day by day. The human resources jobs are mostly management oriented.

The work of a human resource manager or assistant is primarily involved with the personnel department of a company. He is entrusted with all responsibilities regarding the employees of the company. Starting from the quality of the company’s human resource, their productive capacity to solving any problem encountered by the workers is the job of human resource personnel.

The hiring of a new employee is also done by workers of this department.

Workers of the human resource department are required to publish advertisements on news papers and business journals for hiring of new employees. They are also required to interview these aspirant workers and select the ones who would best serve the interest of the company. They may also get in touch with executive recruiters or other employment services to fulfill the requirement of employees.

The managers of the human resource department are also capable of firing an employee if they are unable to meet the expectations of the company. Human resources jobs also include organizing trainings, workshops and presentations that will enhance the quality and potential of the workforce of the company. These trainings and workshops are innovative and effective that will leave an impact on the workers attending them.

Human resources jobs also address issues related to attendance, safety at the place of work and even health issues of the employees. They are involved with the up keeping of the mental health of the personnel. It is their job to ensure a healthy working atmosphere and to look after other recreational activities for the workers that will help in keeping their mind fresh and active.

Basically, human resource works are concerned with the workforce of a company and are responsible for any work related to the management of human resource. However, it is a job that requires special skills and abilities and only people who are professionally qualified for the job are hired.

So, if you are interested in getting a human resource job, you should first get a degree in business administration or management, specializing in human resources. You should also be well aware of all local and state laws and regulations relating to employment. Human resource managers have very high demand as most companies are now paying attention to the human resources department. They also get paid well and so human resources jobs are quite attractive from all perspectives.

So if you are creative with original ideas and are have special interest in the field of human resources, a human resource job will be the ideal one for you!

The Workplace Bullying Of Harassments

I was with the company for 5 years and was already occupying a supervisory position. But then came the new manager with whom I did not see "eye to eye." I just couldn't take it anymore since we didn't share the same views on workplace policies. He didn't say it much but somehow he always made it a point to show that he disliked. He often ignores me or gives a sneer when I suggest something to improve our department. Worse... some of my colleagues are now being influenced by this new manager. They are now imitating his bullying." --- David.

David is a classic example of a victim of workplace bullying. No wonder, David often experiences anxiety and panic attacks. According to research conducted by the The Workplace Bullying Institute, workplace bullying is now among the causes of poor employee retention, resignation, and other organizational problems. A third of the human-resource executives surveyed said that they had personally witnessed or experienced workplace bullying.

"Bullying" is also known as "mobbing" --- or a frequent and systematic form of harrassment. So-called school based bullying occurs when a child torments, taunts or intimidates another child in school. The workplace version may be looked at as en extension of that form of harassment into the world of adults in the office. In the workplace, bullying comes in the form of criticism, teasing and even sarcasm directed an another employee. Harassment in the workplace ranges from antagonism and up to extreme acts that could even lead to physical injuries. The target is subjected to character assassination, aggressive behavior, verbal abuse, and the cold-shoulder treatment. Some are deliberately singled out to do unpleasant or hard tasks. Colleagues may even try to sabotage the victims' work, hampering his or her productivity --- even going so far as hacking the victims' office computer.

The common stereotype of a bullied person is someone who is a loner or weak in character. However, there are cases when the one being bullied is a capable staff member and may even be well- liked by co-workers. The bully considers their capability a threat and, therefore, is determined to make that person's work life miserable or so hard that the victim no longer poses as a threat to the bully's career.

Effects of this harassment can cause victimes to suffer from stress, anxiety, and serious health problems. Absenteeism from work is one clear sign of a stress-related illness. Sleeping disorders, depression, and anxiety panic attacks are the most well-known consequences of harassment. The effects of harassment goes beyond the workplace as it also affects the victim's marriage or personal life.

A bully can contaminate a workplace environment by causing fear, anger, and low morale. About 80% of bullies are bosses. Some co-workers and a few higher-ups can aslo engage in bullying taactics. A bully can either be a man or a woman. Bullying affects productivity and, as a result, the bottomline of a company. On the other hand, bullying can also be a source of problems for management especially when victims file law suits and compensation claims due to work-related stress.

To address bullying, there must be clear and strict workplace policies in order to stop or prevent this form of workplace harassment. Employers must conduct risk assessments and implement guidelines and stress management programs. With better decision-making processes and policies, the employer can prevent a potential "war zone" in the company. This will take efforts that may entail the conduct of investigations and conflict resolution to prevent the escalation of a problem between employees.

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Journey to Safety Excellence - Workplace Safety

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