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วันจันทร์ที่ 29 เมษายน พ.ศ. 2556

Is Hard Water Causing Your Dry Skin?

Many articles are written about products that contain harsh chemicals that dry the skin and millions of advertising dollars are spent on products that claim to do the opposite. However, one often overlooked dry skin factor is the hardness or softness of our water. Using natural products free of substances that cause dry skin is vital, but hard water will continue to exacerbate the problem.

Water that is 'hard' contains high amounts of calcium, magnesium and iron. When these minerals harden, they clog our household plumbing and make it more susceptible to developing lime deposits.

Hard water also has detrimental effects on the skin. Since it is difficult for any substance to dissolve in hard water, soap doesn't lather well, and doesn't rinse off completely. Residue from the water and the cleansing products clogs the pores, and causes flakey, itchy, dry skin.

Clinical studies conducted to determine the influence of water on the skin have also found that hard water irritates the facial skin and blood vessels. Study participants noted an increase in irritation, redness, and dry skin. The skin becomes thinner, and the irritated blood vessels cause flushing and rosacea. Once the water is softened the irritation is removed – the deposits are no longer left on the skin, cleansing products are easily rinsed off, and the blood vessels and skin tissue begin to thicken and heal.

Our environment is inundated with harmful chemicals that irritate the skin and cause other physical problems. Air pollution, environmental bacteria and fungi, dust and dust mites, pollen, household and personal cleaning products and cosmetics all contain harmful, irritating substances. Whatever you can do to eliminate them will help your dry skin, and your health.

Thousands of doctors are now recommending a shielding lotion to protect the skin against pollutants and harsh chemicals, including those in hard water, but softening your water will remove one more source of the problem. Soft water, and daily application of a shielding lotion to protect against the substances you can't control, could lead to improvement in your dry skin within just a few days, and, before long, you could have the healthy, dewy complexion you've always wanted.

---

Author, Gloria MacTaggart, is a freelance writer who contributes articles on skin care for 21st Century Formulations. For more information, visit www.SkinMDNatural.com.




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Cleaning and Renewing Yellowed Automobile Headlight Lens Covers

Are your car's light covers yellowed, cloudy or scratched? You're not the only one. Unless you provide your car's clear headlamp lenses regular attention, in 24 months or less they can deteriorate to the point of being completely opaque, making it very hazardous to operate your automobile in the dark and in reduced visibility conditions. The fix is easier than you might think. The best thing is that you can remedy this hazardous and ugly issue in thirty minutes or less. It's simple once you learn how.

The Reason Headlights Turn Yellow and Dull?

The issue is not caused by abuse or neglect, as you might think. It is an environmental issue. Without regular maintenance, UV light from the sun, acid rain, salt and road debris damage and dull all clear plastics, including headlight covers. If your car has halogen or another type of high-intensity discharge (HID) headlights, the issue can be worse. These sealed beam units function at increased temperatures, further contributing to degradation and yellowing.

How Do You Fix The Problem?

The solution is a quick car detailing task that renews the finish. Headlamp restoration is a plastic restoration process that removes surface damage and returns a like-new finish to the lenses. Even hopeless-looking cases of yellowing, hazing, and scratches can be fixed in less than a half hour.

You might be asking yourself why repair instead of replace? Your headlamps are a single module, so you can't easily replace the outer cover. If you have an expensive car with high-performance lighting, replacement is expensive. Renewing versus replacement can save you $150 to $600 per lens, so it's well worth the effort. Besides, it's easy!

What level results can you expect? It may seem hopeless, but chances are the damage is superficial. Even if your headlights are completely opaque, they can be renewed. As long as the plastic has not yellowed all the way though, you have a very good chance of complete restoration.

Use A Gentle Plastic Polish First

If the damage is not severe, you may be able to resolve it with a simple plastic polish like Meguiar's PlastX. I recommend trying this solution before any other. It will not be wasted time or cost, either, because you should use the polish from time-to-time to maintain your lighting.

NOTE: Never use a household glass cleaning product like Windex on clear plastic. These cleaners contain ammonia, which causes clear plastic to yellow.

If the polish alone does not work, then you need to repair the damage with a very fine sand paper (2000 grit is very safe) and re-polish to restore a clear finish. While it may sound difficult or complicated, it's not. Wet sanding is fast and easy.

TIP: You can test to see if your headlamps will respond to hand polishing with a small dab of tartar control toothpaste. Toothpaste is slightly abrasive. If the small test area vastly improves, then you know polish alone may be all you require.

Sandpaper & Re-glazing Procedure

To restore the damage with wet sanding and re-glazing, you require the following supplies:

  1. Polishing towels

  2. Bucket of soapy water

  3. Latex gloves (if you have sensitive skin)

  4. Painter's masking tape (1" to 1.5" width is best)

  5. Plastic polish

  6. Wet/dry sand paper (600, 1200, 2000 grit)

  7. Sanding block (1" x 2" erasure works great)

  8. 2.5" Velcro backing plate for use with 3/8" drill or cordless drill

  9. 3" foam or wool polishing pad with Velcro backing



If you require a more in-depth guide, then have a look at my Guide to Detailing page on Restoring Plastic Headlight Lenses. Here's the procedure:

1: Clean the car light lenses. A bucket of soapy water works best. Clean the surrounding area, too. Dry thoroughly.

2: Use painter's masking tape to mask around the headlight. This will help protect your car's paint finish. This only takes a few minutes, so don't skip this critical step.

3: Wet sand each headlight. First determine the amount of damage to each lens. If your headlight lenses are scratched or if they are completely opaque, you will need to start with 600 grit sandpaper. Sand thoroughly, and then progress to1200, then 2000 grit.

If your lenses have no scratches and are only slightly yellowed, you can probably get away with using 2000 grit paper only. The first sanding step is where you will actually remove the scratched and cloudy layer of plastic. The finer grades of sandpaper are to remove the scratches left from the previous grit sandpaper.

As you sand, your sanding water will turn milky. This is the damaged layer being removed. Use plenty of water for lubrication and to keep the sandpaper clean. Keep sanding until the surface feels perfectly smooth. The drippings will become clearer as the damage is taken away. Dry thoroughly between sanding steps to inspect progress.

4: Re-glaze headlight lenses using plastic polish on a 3" polishing pad (foam or wool). First connect the Velcro backing plate adapter to your drill.

Apply several dabs of polish to the pad and start polishing the lens. As the polish starts to dissipate, add a bit more and continue polishing. Discontinue polishing at the point the lens is completely clear again. Finish with a final hand polish using a tiny bit of polish on a clean towel or applicator.

5: Wax to protect. Use a good car wax to reseal the plastic and protect from the elements.

6: Maintain monthly with a quality plastic cleaner/polish. The products I recommend most are Plexus and Meguiar's PlastX. If polished regularly, your car's headlight lenses will never need restoring again!

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Why is office renovation important?

Some view office renovation work as a dreadful chore, some find it a financial burden. But the plain fact is that, for a business to grow, constant office renovation is essential and necessary to maintain such growth. Rather than treating it as a burden, office renovation work should be viewed as a sign of things to come. Actually, office renovations are worth celebrating because the need for refurbishing means your business has made enough progress to make the current style and layout obsolete. Once you have made the decision to start refurbishing your office space, you can start thinking about designs and layouts. Even with a tight budget, professional advice can go a long way to create a whole new office space.

The floor of your office represents the most used commodity of the entire vicinity, so naturally it suffers to most wear and tear. Even the best and most expensive carpeting and tiling would disintegrate over certain periods. When it comes to renovation works, it is definitely wise to replace the carpets and tiles to ensure a fresher and livelier atmosphere. Although it might cost a significant outlay, replacing the carpets is definitely worth it in the long run.

A fresh spray of paint or a wall sticker change can liven up your workplace. The surrounding walls can play a huge part in determining the ambience of your office. A change of colour is essential to follow changes in colour trends. Different parts of the office can be painted with different themes depending on the relevance of the work. Adorning the walls with art and décor can also make a huge impact on overall ambience.
Furniture can get outdated easily and office furniture is not exception. Daily use can result in typical wear and tear of office furniture. Fabrics can get ripped and stained. Should your renovation budget allow you to refurbish and replace all the furniture with a new set, then you should not hesitate in getting a new look for your office. However if you are on a tight budget, then a simple reupholstering of the fabric or mending of the furniture can come a long way in making a noticeable impact.

Your interior designer should also provide you with sound recommendations on your new office layout should any changes be necessary. There are countless ways to rearrange office furniture and appliances to create a cozier working environment. Partitions can also be put in place to divide different areas for separate purposes. By arranging cubicles and furniture economically, you can potentially save up on lots of unused space. Less space means less coverage, which would indirectly mean less maintenance costs. Unused spaces can be closed off as storage or partitioned off temporarily should the need to use it arise in the future.

Good interior design is recommended to create a harmonic and cohesive working environment. It is important to take note that it does not hurt to pay more for a more reputable renovation company with a respectable portfolio. Such companies usually have international recognition as they comply with ISO standards. These companies are reliable and responsible in the sense that they use quality materials for renovation at a reasonable price. They could also provide you with useful advice on how to refurbish your office for the benefit of your business. Good office renovation companies know what their customers want and they set their priorities into satisfying their customer’s demands. Maintaining good customer relations is important because you might never know when you need another renovation for your office.

Interior design singapore, office interior singapore, office renovation singapore

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Bringing Behavioral Health Into The Electronic Age


Mental health and addiction treatment providers today face a critical issue - how can they best manage information to improve patient care and safety while protecting patient rights and privacy. Behavioral health is part of the broader healthcare industry, which is in the midst of a massive transformation to better manage patient health information. This transformation has been occurring almost naturally because of advances in information technology and management. It promises an improved healthcare system that will hopefully put an end to the 44,000 to 98,000 patient deaths that occur annually due to preventable information related mistakes.

The federal government is participating in healthcare's information technology transformation. In 2004, President Bush issued Executive Order 13335 that called for the widespread adoption of information technology in healthcare and established the Office of the National Coordinator of Health Information Technology (ONCHIT) to help achieve this goal. To a service provider, the Electronic Health Record may sound like a software issue, but it is in fact a retooling of business practices affecting patient safety and quality of care.

How can behavioral health become part of healthcare's information technology transformation? Behavioral health providers must first decide on essential mental health and addictions treatment information for inclusion in a common EHR. This decision must resolve five key policy issues:

1. What unique behavioral health information must be incorporated into an EHR?
2. Should there be time limits on behavioral health information in the EHR - for instance, should a diagnosis of alcoholism be maintained 25 years after sobriety has been attained?
3. What opportunities exist for the behavioral health field to participate in the development of the EHR?
4. What role should behavioral health consumers and service providers play in actively managing behavioral health information and other data standards?
5. How should the EHR address privacy and confidentiality?

How is the behavioral healthcare faring so far in this transformation? Unfortunately, not very well. Information technology used in behavioral health generally supports only administrative reporting and is a far cry from fulfilling the potential to improve clinical decision-making and program planning.

To help behavioral health better react to this transformation, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's Center for Substance Abuse Treatment sponsored the Behavioral Health Treatment Standards Group (BHTS) in 2005. The mission of BHTS is to increase knowledge, understanding, and use of behavioral health data standards in addictions treatment and mental health. BHTS members include a mix of organizations representing addictions prevention and treatment, and mental health services as well as software vendors involved in developing EHRs for behavioral health providers.

BHTS is achieving results. One important result has been to get standards-setting organizations that are shaping the design of the technology and information infrastructure for EHRs (like Health Level Seven) to reflect the unique needs behavioral health patients and providers with regard to privacy and confidentiality. BHTS is also raising awareness and understanding within the public and private sector about the significant potential of EHRs in clinical services and administrative matters, especially for reporting to the multiple entities that fund behavioral health services. BHTS is now working to collect information about the cost of adopting such systems and to learn more about reporting requirements for behavioral health providers. This knowledge will be used to better shape the public effort to make behavioral health part of the transformation occurring in healthcare.


Safety During Asbestos Removal


Asbestos can be a very dangerous substance for animals and people alike; this means that if your home has any of it then it is important that it is removed as quickly and safely as possible. Asbestos was a very popular building material which was popular right up until the mid 80’s. This substance was ideally suited for building homes and offices as it was a very good insulator which was pliable and fire resistant.

If you do have any asbestos in your home then it is important that it is removed and replaced with another insulator. There are a number of insulators that you might consider using instead, including fibreglass. Of course it can be difficult to identify asbestos, especially when dealing with older buildings, so it is important to hire a professional.

As soon as the asbestos has been discovered it should be removed as soon as possible. It is also very important to do this safely so that there is not risk to the people removing it.

Normally the people dealing with asbestos removal will have training and certification allowing them to deal with the hazardous substance. Although it’s possible for you to remove it yourself, it’s not really a good idea. There are many contractors who specialise in asbestos removal including a1asbestosremoval; these ensure the safe removal of asbestos from your home without putting anyone’s health at risk. Asbestos related diseases can be fatal, which is why removing it safely is so important.

Removing the asbestos itself is a painstaking process; it is designed in a way to prevent breaking up the asbestos as much as possible. If it becomes broken up then it is the fine particles that are responsible for related medical conditions. Water is used to wet the fibres and prevent them from becoming airborne.

When the asbestos is removed it should then be stored in special containers, they will also be marked accordingly so that everyone knows the risks of the contents.

Throughout most of Australia the containers are then buried, as they are inside special canisters which are designed to contain the asbestos there is little risk of the substance leaking out into the environment or water table. If asbestos is not removed and disposed of properly then fines and even jail sentences are common.

Hiring a Professional

It is very important that a professional firm trained to remove asbestos is hired. By hiring a firm such as A1 Asbestos Removal you will ensure that the asbestos is removed carefully and properly. The asbestos will not be broken up which avoids the problem of the particles becoming lose in the air and resulting in potentially fatal health problems including asbestos related cancers. A1 Asbestos Removal can assist with asbestos removal throughout Australia.

You can learn more about the services on offer from a1 asbestos removal by visiting their website at http://www.a1asbestos.com.au, they offer removal services throughout Australia particularly in Brisbane and Queensland. Specialist equipment is used to ensure that any health risks are minimised as much as possible. The asbestos waste is also disposed of carefully and properly to ensure that there is no risk to the environment.

http://www.a1asbestos.com.au


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Context-Free Living ... Living Without Boundaries!

I know by now that you've heard the terms "Debt-Free Living", "Disease-Free Living", or an overabundance of other such coined terms for various marketing ploys to sell products and services. However, I'm not here to sell you anything, as what I'm offering, you already have! You just don't know it yet!

--- Context-Free ---

A "context" is a circumstance, point of reference, or a situation by which a particular view is aligned and a unique meaning is derived. Our personal contexts are those rules, belief systems, and cognitive maps that we've developed over our lives that provide us with a basis for making decisions, passing judgment, applying bias, filtering incoming information, and learning new ideas.

Immediately, it becomes apparent that living a "context-free" life is impossible. If we even attempted to do so, we would become mental vegetables! Information and sensory information would simply flow in and flop on the floors of our minds.

But, living with an overly complex contextual point of reference can have a similar affect. In such a case, information and sensory information are processed to the point of non-existence and we neither move forward or backward in our lives and learning. Instead, all data is "mashed" and "sliced" to fit neatly within the knowledge we already have simply to ensure a "safety context".

With complex contexts, regardless of how absurd or inaccurate our context is, the mind will devise any justification even if it uses a basis of other absurd or inaccurate information. It is our way to ensure that our "comfort zones" go unaffected.

--- Your Contextual References ---

We all have some point of reference that we use to analyze and store information that comes in through our physical senses and psi channels. These contexts come from parental voices, authority figures, experiences, trauma, and success. As we move through life, the context is usually altered to accept new information and understand how it is to be processed and managed.

However, many people's complex contextual references block and isolate the internal mind to the point of stifling and smothering the mental processes. The mind can then only reprocess the same information it has done so in the past. In the end, you derive the same answers to the same problems and end up back at the point you started.

--- Simplifying Your Context ---

On the extreme, over time, rules beget rules until, eventually, we have a complex data filtration system that kicks out anything that remote resembles some idea or information not completely in-line with our systems of belief. The human mind tends to develop such complexity to answer questions for which it is unsure. It creates a web of cross-connected information to prove that our lives and beliefs are justified.

This type of thought process leads to a stifling existence, little creativity, and a biased view of life as a whole. In the end, we end up with self-composed theories about how things are and should be and are unwilling to accept anything else. Eventually we can become embittered, angry, frustrated, envious, and prejudiced.

The most effective, yet difficult, way to manage such a situation is to simplify and eliminate those rules and beliefs that have no basis in your life. Why do you hate? Why do you feel a certain way about people or situations? That's a difficult way to approach the solution since we will always develop an answer based on our preconceived notions and complex rules of thought. Such preconceived notions of people and situations are merely ideas to protect our imbalanced mode of thought. This is where we need to start!

By identifying the notions that create the feelings, it is much easier to analyze. Reduce these rules down to the bare minimum and identify the foundation on which these rules are based. You might find that, as you meander through your own thought processes, that many of your ideas might be based on parental voices or misconceptions. Replace the parental voices with your own commands and expectations. Analyze and research your misconceptions to identify the realities behind the knowledge. Is it realistic to think this way or should you modify your belief systems to accommodate a new, realistic foundation?

--- Feedback and Processing ---

Once we're able to open our minds to new ways of thought and reduce our preconceived notions, we are then open to myriad new ideas and information that we never thought possible. Not only will we be able to accept and process new information, but we will be able to grow.

In reality, our brain is merely a processing portal for information. Put together, we are all but a massive distributed processing system. I remember that SETI had this distributed processing model for managing and processing vast amounts of data. It allowed computer users around the globe to download their software, which processed the plethora of data from their deep-space listening posts. The data was downloaded to the users' machines, processed, and sent back to the central site for consolidation and analysis.

The human brain takes in information through our senses and processes it based on the rules and cognitive maps we've created over the years. It then pushes the results back up into the Grid, the Universe, for storage and access --- our long-term, "collective" memory. The brain is not an isolated device and cannot live as such. It requires input and information exchange --- sensory and psi input is essential for healthy mental and physical processing.

--- What's next? ---

Intelligence is not what you know, but what you're able to do with what you learn. The ability to apply information successfully is a factor of one's ability to process information efficiently. The ability to process information efficiently comes with the ability to analyze results and adjust one's systems to intake the new information and use it productively. This is called "feedback". Such feedback comes from within and from our environment and is essential to growth as an individual and evolution as a species.

When we isolate our minds, and ourselves, through complex rules, we begin to create our own answers based on previous answers. Over time, we deceive ourselves about ourselves and the world around us. Stop the self-deceit and grow toward a fulfilling life! By simplifying your belief systems and being open to new information in new ways, you will drop the "excess baggage" that weighs you down and blurs your vision while gaining access a vast amount of information and resources that you never thought possible.

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5 Frequent Safety and health Threats In The Work Area

The particular workplace has several hazards that require to become resolved. This is where risk assessment comes in. Company has the responsibility to ensure the security of the workers. Assessing the potential risks at work, formulating a sound safety policy, plus enhancing you and your employees' capacity to deal with these types of risks are just some of the means of ensuring defense against and avoidance of any unpleasant situations.

These are the 5 most common hazards we encounter while in the office and what can be done to prevent accidents along with other wrong doings.

1 . Confined areas - A limited space can be defined as a location or place of work which usually, -because from the building, location or even contents or the work activity therein, a hazardous gas, fumes, dust or fume or a good oxygen-deficient atmosphere might occur. : In occupations which usually require a individual to enter and exit an open or encapsulated tank, vat, sewer, pipe, utility vault, along with other similar improvements, extra treatment is needed.

A specially designed training course for workers to be more competent and modified to a confined working environment can significantly reduce any possibility of incidents by training the particular employees on access and working in these limited locations.

2 . Explosions plus fires - There are places of work, which as a result of the nature from the company, are more susceptible to explosions plus fires than additional working conditions. Therefore a fireplace safety Protocol is of paramount importance. Employer and employee must have adequate information on fire risks, fire avoidance and treatments.

There should be simple practical skills in fire protection. Fire security equipment, signs, and diagrams must be provided, as well as the undertaking of fireplace drills at work.

three or more. Noise administration - In factories where huge machineries are utilized within the produce, noise is usually but an ordinary feature of the place of work. However , the noise should not exceed the -exposure in order to noise levels that exceed a good eight-hour noise equal of 85 dB(A) or top at a lot more than a hundred and forty dB(C). -

A onetime too much exposure to noise can result to a temporary loss of listening to, change within hearing, or a ringing inside your ears (or tinnitus). However , if the contact with loud noises is continuous plus unavoidable, it could result in permanent hearing ringing, or even worse, hearing loss. Therefore , as much as possible, eliminate or tone straight down loud noises at work or even if the sound can be controlled, the organization must supply protective hearing armor and weapon upgrades to its employees.

four. Occupational Accidents - Every single day, a lot of workers are afflicted by traumatic accidents they acquired from their workplaces. Although, most of these are nonfatal, but some are serious enough the injury requires job move, various work restrictions, plus some time away from their job.

One of those occupational injuries can be musculoskeletal damage (MSI). Musculoskeletal damage is referred to as the particular -disorders of the bones, joints, structures, muscles, muscles and other soft cells of the entire body. : MSI usually benefits due to a prolonged repetitive, uncomfortable, or demanding postures and actions which will take its toll on the body.

5. Electrical hazards at work - Whether working with electricity (as an electrical contractor, electrical professional, line men and additional professionals) or simply a typical worker, the possibilities of electric hazards is not to become ignored. The down side is that the ordinary employee is unacquainted with the potential electrical risk present in environmental surroundings, unlike the professionals in whose specialty is electrical power.

They are only the most typical workplace risks. Each worker must be properly aware of the potential risks his/her work entails. Moreover, it does not take employer's obligation to make sure that the particular workplace is really as safe as is possible for that workers. An audio safety program must be in place to address the options of happening of these office hazards. With each other, employer and employee can come up with the required policies and processes.

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Fire Blanket Safety in the Home


While many of those employed in the emergency services can see the importance of having a fire blanket in the home the same cannot be said for the general public. It is an unfortunate fact most people either ignore the dangers associated with home fires or they just do not realize the dangers that exist.

Most house fires start in the kitchen which accounts for almost 28 percent of all fires in the home. This is a very high number and most fires in the kitchen are caused by either a lack of concentration or because the person was interrupted by an unexpected occurrence. This could be something simple such as the telephone ringing, a caller at the door or maybe one of your children needs your immediate attention.

One of the main causes of fire in the kitchen is when dealing with very hot oil. If not monitored it can reach such high temperatures as to catch alight in an instant. When this happens instant panic will set-in as you try to find a very quick solution while under intense stress and trauma. Most people would dampen a towel under the tap and throw the soaking material over the flames. Smothering the fire does work because it starves the flames of the oxygen they need. But using a small towel to do it causes more danger.

Many people who have tried this method have the burn scars to prove it. The problem is that you feel you have to get very close to the fire to douse the flames. If you miss you may not get a second chance so you get as close as you can get. This is where the severe burning takes place. It may not be the actual flames that cause the skin damage, it could be just the intense heat. Other people have been burned because they may have missed the target and try to retrieve the cloth to try again. This time you may have a partly burning cloth to contend with as well as a fire that is on the verge of getting out of control.

Fire blankets are recommended by all the emergency services and people involved in health and safety. They immediately know the safety benefits that fire blankets can bring when used correctly. They should be made easily accessible near an exit doorway. Never hide them away in draws or cupboards and expect to find them easily when a fire takes hold. Placing them near to an exit ensures that you have away out should the fire blanket not be enough or if things go wrong.

Fire blankets are also ideal for covering someone who has actually caught fire and can also be worn over the head if you need to pass an area that is on fire or where extreme temperatures are causing difficulty. Protecting the vital organs is the most important factor when you are confronted with fire.

Fire blankets can be purchased in many DIY stores and hardware shops and the costs varies with the type and size you need. Many of the fire blankets can be reusable after washing though you will need to check the supporting documents for confirmation of this.

Every home should have a fire blanket located in the kitchen or where cooking takes place. When you consider the minimal cost to purchase one against the protection they provide for your home, your personal effects and of course your loved ones they will be one of the best investments you can ever make.

Some of the basic Safety Features a Car

The disorganized traffic in all towns and cities in India throw in a lot of challenges in driving. Hence, in India it is necessary that the driver's are extra careful while driving a car, lest they become entwined in a legal case. They could also end up being sufferers of reckless driving by other roads users.
Looking up at these possibilities, it is essential that the driver and passenger are fastened with seats belts. There is also the collapsible steering wheel, head restraints and emergency exit door that protects the passengers in case of any collision.

Collapsible Steering
The steering wheel is a compilation of a range of equipments; links and wheel which helps maneuver the car in the preferred route by the driver. The steering wheel is the only boundary among the car's energy and the driver who sets it in action. But the steering wheel can turn into a disaster in terms of event of a collision. The steering wheel can damage driver severely leading to death sometimes.
The car manufacturer developed the collapsible steering which absorbs the energy of the impact during frontal crashes. General Motors invented this concept first which was later adopted by Ford across all its muscle cars including Mustang. India, car manufacturers like Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, Tata Motors and Mahindra & Mahindra started fitting various kinds of collapsible steering wheel.
The collapsible steering column consists of steering wheel, steering shaft, an inner tube and column. A plastic wrapped perforated section joins the steering column in cab to the car machinery. In case of any accident, when the driver's body comes in contact with the steering wheel, the plastic wrapped perforated section collapses. The impact of the collision is absorbed by the steering wheel rather than transferring it to the driver playing safe for the divers.

Head restraints
The head restraints or head support were first seen in Maruti cars in India. Head restraints is very important features for comfort of any one both in times of accident and non-accident. During an accident- there is high possibility of neck jerking forward or backward at high speed resulting in fatal in most circumstances. It could permanently damage neck and upper spinal chord. This is termed 'whiplash injury'.
During any type of car accidents the most common damage is the neck injury. As known to every one, drivers body movement is matched with the motion of car. Whenever there is crash, the car seat speed up the forward movement of trunk. An unsupported neck will pause behind and this dissimilarity in motion leads to bend or stretch of neck, resulting in injuries. Higher the force of collision, results higher force of neck movement.
But when there is a head restraint it harmonizes with the seat motion supporting the neck.During non- accident times, head restraints provide support to neck on long drivers.

Seat belts
Seat belts play a very fundamental role in safety of a car passenger. Seat belts protect the occupant by holding them to seat in case of a collision.

However, if the vehicle was to suddenly stopped (due to collision), then the body of the occupant would still be in movement at the same speed and in the same path. The power of the accident united with the speed of the car would toss the occupants off their seats. However, if the person is fastened to a seat with belts, the occupant would remain on seat, thereby minimizing damages to body.

It is mandatory by law that occupants of front seats in car wear seat belts. Some luxury cars also provide rear seat belts.

Conclusion
Another key safety device is the airbag in car. But most car owners do not opt for this feature because of its high expense during installation. But reports prove that airbags safeguard car occupants from injuries in frontal collisions.